Codex Collection (page 14)

TENOCHTITLAN (MEXICO CITY) with Aztec pictographs and Spanish text from the Codex Mendoza, c1542

CANTERBURY CODEX AUREUS fol. 16, Purple page with inlaid crosses. Anglo-Saxon manuscript, c750 AD

AZTEC WARRIOR PRIEST and prisoner from Codex Mendoza, c1525-1550

AZTEC CODEX MENDOZA, 1540. Aztec warriors armed with bows and arrows provoking war. Page from the Codex Mendoza, c1540

AZTEC PRIESTS. Four priests leading Aztecs to the land promised by the god Huitzilopochtli, whose image is carried by the first priest

ROSSANO GOSPELS. Page from the Byzantine Rossano Gospels, the oldest known illuminated manuscript of the New Testament, 6th century

MONTEZUMA II: DEATH, 1520. Spaniards carry the bodies of Aztec emperor Montezuma II and a local lord to the water before burial, June 1520

MONTEZUMA II (1480-1520). Aztec emperor. Montezuma put in irons. Illumination from the Codex Florentino, c1540, compiled by Bernardino de Sahagun (1499-1590)

MEXICO: CORTES, 1519. Cortes is greeted by Montezumas messenger in 1519. Mexican Indian painting, 16th century

AZTEC GOD TEZCATLIPOCA. Aztec painting from the Codex Fejervary-Mayer

MEXICO: SUN GOD, c1450. Tonatiuh, the sun god. Painting from the Codex Borgia, c1450

John preaches and baptizes. Codex of Predis (1476). Royal Library. Turin. Italy

Birth of a child (left) and baptism ritual in which a grandmother bathes a newborn child while three boys call out his
AZTEC BAPTISMAL RITUAL. Birth of a child (left) and baptism ritual in which a grandmother bathes a newborn child while three boys call out his name. Page from the Codex Mendoza, Aztec, c1540

Hernando Cortes speaking with Montezuma II. Illumination from the Codex Florentino, c1540
SPANISH CONQUEST. Hernando Cortes speaking with Montezuma II. Illumination from the Codex Florentino, c1540, compiled by Bernardino de Sahagun (1499-1590)

Skulls of sacrificed men and horses skewered on horizontal poles and on display
MEXICO: SKULL RACK. Skulls of sacrificed men and horses skewered on horizontal poles and on display. Illumination from the Codex Florentino, c1540, compiled by Bernardino de Sahagun

Plan of the palace and courtyard of Montezuma. Drawing from the Codex Mendoza, c1540
AZTEC: PALACE OF MONTEZUMA. Plan of the palace and courtyard of Montezuma. Drawing from the Codex Mendoza, c1540

Aztec temple sacrifice. From Codex Magliabicciano. Museo de America, Madrid

Section from the Mayan Troano Codex. Maya peoples of Central and South America

Aztec Codex Aubin (bought in 1841 by French scholar Aubin) Folio 16. Manuscript on agave paper

The Dresden Codex (Codex Dresdensis) Pre-Columbian Mayan book of the eleventh or twelfth century, of the Yucatecan Maya in Chichen Itza

An illustration from Codex Mendoza depicting elderly Aztecs smoking and drinking pulque. The Codex Mendoza (an Aztec codex), created in 1553 after the Spanish conquest of Mexico

Priest offering the heart taken from a living human victim to the Aztec sun god and god of war, Huitzilopochtli. Print of facsimile from Aztec Codex, published 1904. Human Sacrifice

Page from the Montpellier Codex, a collection of 13th-14th century music manuscripts of the Notre Dame (Old French) school of Paris

Stele showing part of the Code of Hammurabi (Codex Hammurabi), the best preserved ancient law code, was created c1760 BC (middle chronology) in ancient Babylon

Roman library, Late Roman Empire C015 / 6073
Roman library. 19th-century artwork of a library of the Late Roman Empire, after Garruca. This period in the history of the Roman Empire lasted from around 250-450 AD

Haggadᦱuot;, Hebrew codex of Catalan or Valencian
" Haggadᦱ uot; ", Hebrew codex of Catalan or Valencian origin (13th-14th c.). Detail with musicians. Miniature Painting. UNITED KINGDOM. London. The British Library."

Vigilian or Albelda Codex. 10th c. Council of Hispanic bishops during the Visigothic domination. Mozarabic art. Miniature Painting. SPAIN. San Lorenzo de El Escorial

SPAIN. Santo Domingo de Silos. Monastery of Santo
" SPAIN. Santo Domingo de Silos. Monastery of Santo Domingo (St. Dominic). " De la virginidad de Mar� quot; " (On Virgin Marys Virginity), by Ildefonso de Toledo. Codex of 1059

Codex Justinianus (1350). Selling a horse. Byzantine

Vigilian or Albelda Codex. 10th c. Constantine receives consuls Paulinus and Julianus. Mozarabic art. Miniature Painting. SPAIN. San Lorenzo de El Escorial

Norms codex (9th c. ). Mozarabic monks. 1872
Norms codex (9th c.). Mozarabic monks. 1872. 238R. Mozarabic art. Miniature Painting. SPAIN. Madrid. National Library

CHARLES IV, prince of Viana (1421-1461). Son of Juan II of Aragon and Blanca of Navarre. Portrait of a codex (1480). Miniature Painting. SPAIN. Barcelona. Royal Archive of the Crown of Aragon

HaggadᬠHebrew codex of Catalan or Valencian
Haggadᬠ Hebrew codex of Catalan or Valencian

THOMAS of Cantimpr頨1201-1276). Codex Granatensis
THOMAS of Cantimpr頨 1201-1276). Codex Granatensis: De natura rerum. 15th c. Illustration about gum arabic. Edition of Granada of the original of the 13th C. Gothic art. Miniature Painting

Trojan War. Battle between Greeks and Trojans. Fol. 110r of the Codex Benito Santa Mora (15th c.). Gothic art. Miniature Painting. SPAIN. San Lorenzo de El Escorial

Codex Iustiniani or Justinian Codex (1350)
" Codex Iustiniani or " Justinian Codex" (1350). The payment of the gabelle. Bolognese school. Gothic art. Miniature Painting. ITALY. Turin

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Codex, a term steeped in historical significance and cultural richness, encompasses a wide array of ancient manuscripts that offer glimpses into the past. From the Codex Troano, an enigmatic Mayan document believed to contain astronomical knowledge, to the Aztec Codex Borbonicus meticulously penned by an Aztec priest, these codices hold secrets waiting to be unraveled. Intriguingly, Ramon Llull's Breviculum Codex captivates with its miniature illustrations and is hailed as a testament to his intellectual prowess during the 13th century. Meanwhile, the mesmerizing Codex Borgia unveils Mesoamerican rituals and divinatory practices that were integral to their civilization. The Dresden Codex stands as one of four surviving Maya codices and offers invaluable insights into their advanced understanding of astronomy. On another note, the Codex Sinaiticus Syriacus dating back to the 5th century holds religious significance within the Monastery of St Catherine on Mount Sinai. Delving further into history reveals fascinating depictions such as those found in Folio of Usages showcasing Catalan parliamentary proceedings or Basil II's Bulgar-slayer moniker immortalized in Byzantine records. The bustling Market in Gate of Ravenna depicted in Bologna highlights street traders' vibrant livelihoods through time. Legal enthusiasts find solace in Corpus Iuris Civilis while art aficionados marvel at Falconer's work showcased in the illustrious Codex Capodilista from 1442. And finally, we encounter Trocortesian or Madrid Codex from XIV century which enthralls with intricate details that transport us back centuries ago. These diverse codices serve as portals connecting us with our ancestors' wisdom and heritage. They remind us that behind each page lies untold stories waiting for curious minds willing to decipher their hidden messages.