Chemical Collection (page 9)

Sea salt, SEM
Sea salt. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of sea salt, showing its crystalline structure. Sea salt consists mainly of sodium chloride (NaCl), but unlike pure table salt

Cinchona. The Caribbean Jesuits Bark, 1801. Creator: Unknown
Cinchona. The Caribbean Jesuits Bark, 1801. Cinchona, source of the anti-malarial remedy quinine, from Encyclopaedia Londinensis, published by John Wilkes c1796-1828

Rope Screen Used For Protection While Pressing Explosive Gun-Cotton, 1901. Creator: Unknown
This Rope Screen Is Used For Protection While Pressing The Explosive Gun-Cotton At The Cordite Works, 1901. From " The Harmsworth Magazine, Volume VI

Saturns cloud deck. Creator: NASA
Saturns cloud deck. There are three different layers of clouds, or clouddecks, in Saturns atmosphere. The first is made of ammonia clouds

Particles in blood vessel, illustration
Nanoparticles in blood vessel, computer illustration. Conceptual image demonstrating a potential application of nanotechnology for diagnosis and treatment of diseases

Advertisement - The new pocket Ammoniaphone
Advertisement for the new pocket Ammoniaphone (A perfect chemical inhaler) as recommended by Adelina Patti (1843-1919) the Italian-French 19th-century opera singer Date: circa 1890s

British Empire Exhibition, Wembley, London - Bryant & May
Chemical Section - British Empire Exhibition, Wembley, London - Bryant & May Ltd. exhibit based in a pretty tudor-style cottage

WW1 - German-taught Turkish Chemists preparing Poisonous Gases - 12th June 1915. Date: 1915

Preparation of chlorine water, wood engraving, published in 1880
Preparation of chlorine water: Chlorine gas is fed into a filled halfway with water bottle until the water is saturated with chlorine, and continues to flow into the next bottle

John Dalton (1766-1844), British physicist and chemist

Making leather in the lime yard at Neckinger Mills, London, 20th century. Goatskins being soaked in water in pits of about seven feet deep before being placed in limewater to remove the hair

Handcolored Frontispiece Victorian Botanical Illustration
Extremely Rare, Beautifully Illustrated Antique Engraved Botanical Illustration of the Handcolored Frontispiece from The American Flora

Handcolored Title Page Victorian Botanical Illustration
Extremely Rare, Beautifully Illustrated Antique Engraved Botanical Illustration of the Handcolored Title Page of Volume 4 from The American Flora

Deadly Nightshade Victorian Botanical Illustration
Extremely Rare, Beautifully Illustrated Antique Victorian Engraved Botanical Illustration of the Hand Colored Deadly Nightshade from The American Flora

Cement materials, 1963. Artist: Michael Walters
Cement materials, 1963. Lime and silica make up about 85% of the mass of cement and requires around 80 different operations requiring a large amount of heat and energy

Vacuum absorbtion chamber, Edgar Allen Steel Co, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, 1962. A technician with a vacuum absorbtion chamber, which is used in the production of tungsten carbide

Tungsten carbide furnace being loaded, Edgar Allen Steel Co, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, 1962. Tungsten carbide is a chemical compound containing equal parts of tungsten and carbon atoms

A lab tachnician with a Reichter Microscope at a steelworks, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, 1962. A lab tachnician checks the quality of tungsten carbide with at the Edgar Allen Steel Co

Experimental laboratory: aircraft factory, 1941. Artist: Cecil Beaton
Experimental laboratory: aircraft factory, 1941. From Air of Glory, by Cecil Beaton. [His Majestys Stationery Office, London, 1941]

A Chemical Laboratory in 1747, 1747, (1904). From Social England, Volume V, edited by H.D. Traill, D.C.L. and J. S. Mann, M.A. [Cassell and Company, Limited, London, Paris, New York & Melbourne, 1904]

Sacking Nitrate, 1911. From Chile, by G. F. Scott Elliot, M.A. F.R.G.S. [T. Fisher Terrace, London, 1911]

Iodine Being Prepared For Shipment in the Salitreras of Tarapaca, 1911. From Chile, by G. F. Scott Elliot, M.A. F.R.G.S. [T. Fisher Terrace, London, 1911]

Ship Awaiting Cargoes of Nitrate at Iquique, 1911. From Chile, by G. F. Scott Elliot, M.A. F.R.G.S. [T. Fisher Terrace, London, 1911]

Loading Up With Nitrates, 1911. From Chile, by G. F. Scott Elliot, M.A. F.R.G.S. [T. Fisher Terrace, London, 1911]

The Most Mysterious Substance in Nature - Radium, 1903. Artist: Alfred Hugh Fisher
The Most Mysterious Substance in Nature - Radium, 1903. Experiments made in Paris by the discoverers, Pierre and Marie Curie

Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French physicist and chemist, 1848. Gay-Lussac (1778-1850) made balloon ascents to investigate terrestrial magnetism and composition

A Chlorine Gas Attack, Second Battle of Ypres, Belgium, 1915, (1926). Artist: Lucien Jonas
A Chlorine Gas Attack, Second Battle of Ypres, Belgium, 1915, (1926). On 22 April 1915 the Germans released 168 tons of chlorine gas over a four mile front, in the first gas attack of the war

Pierre Curie, French physicist, (c1924). Pierre Curie (1859-1906) was a pioneer in the study of crystallography, magnetism, piezoelectricity and radioactivity

French Zouave infantry killed by gas, Second Battle of Ypres, Belgium, 22 April 1915, (1929)
French Zouave infantry killed by gas, Second Battle of Ypres, Belgium, 22 April 1915. On 22 April 1915 the Germans released 168 tons of chlorine gas over a four mile front

The Germans use chlorine gas, Ypres, 22nd April 1915, (1919). Artist: Andre Helle
The Germans use chlorine gas, Ypres, 22nd April 1915, (1919). A book of the principal events of the war period. A print from Le livre des heures heroiques et douloureuses

Laboratory and chart, 1751-1777. A print from the Encyclopedie, ou Dictionnaire Raisonne des Sciences, des Arts et des Metiers by Diderot & d Alembert, 1751-1777. Private Collection

Sectional view of lead chambers for large-scale production of sulphuric acid, 1870. Also known as Oil of Vitriol or H2S04, sulphuric acid was one of the most important of industrial chemicals

Sectional view of Gay-Lussacs lead chambers and absorption towers, 1870. These were for the large-scale production of sulphuric acid also (Oil of Vitriol or H2SO4)

Lead chambers for large-scale production of sulphuric acid, 1874. Sectional view showing the process from beginning to end from the furnace (left) to the denitrating (or Glover) tower (right)

Platinum still for concentrating sulphuric acid (Oil of Vitriol or H2S04), 1844. The view shown here was at the Felling Chemical Works, Newcastle-upon-Tyne. From British Manufacturers by George Dodd

Production of sulphuric acid (Oil of Vitriol or H2S04), 1844. View of the passage between two lead chambers, Felling Chemical Works, Newcastle, England. From The Penny Magazine. (London 1844)

Distillation of Oil of Vitriol (sulphuric acid or H2S04), 1651. An iron retort with cover, detail at C, D, is placed in a furnace and connected to a receiver at A

Glass cutter decorating table ware on a carborundum wheel, 1867. He turns the wheel by working a treadle with his foot. From Alphabet des Arts et Metiers. (Paris, 1867)

Crystallization of saltpetre (nitre, potassium nitrate, or KN03), 1683. Saltpetre is the principal ingredient in gunpowder, and is still used in the preservation of some foods

Checking the quality of saltpetre (nitre, potassium nitrate, or KN03), 1683. Saltpetre is the principal ingredient in gunpowder, and is still used in the preservation of some foods

Laboratory for refining gold and silver, showing typical laboratory equipment, 1683. 1) Athanor or Slow Harry, a self-feeding furnace maintaining a constant temperature

Production of saltpetre (nitre, potassium nitrate, or KN03), 1683. Nitre beds, heaps of manure mixed with chalky earth. These were watered with urine and manure water

Distillation of Nitric Acid, 1683. Also known as Aqua Fortis or Parting Acid, nitric acid was widely used in the refining and assaying of metals

Athanor or Slow Harry, a self-feeding furnace maintaining a constant temperature, 1683. Centre: 1) Athanor or Slow Harry ; 2) side chambers containing reagents; 3) glass receivers

Christian Friedrich Schonbein, German chemist, c1898. Schonbein (1799-1869) began his investigation of ozone in 1839. He worked on nitrocellulose and produced gunoctton for use in firearms in 1846

Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz, German organic chemist, c1885. In 1865, Kekule (1829-1896) published his theory of the structure of the benzene ring as a ring of six carbon atoms attached by

Preparing and setting a Dynamite charge, Paris, 1890. From La Science Illustree

Cartridge from Nobel Explosives Company Limited, Ardeer, Ayrshire, 1884. Cartridge packed with Dynamite made at the factory. From The Illustrated London News, 16 April 1884

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Chemical discoveries have shaped our world in countless ways, revolutionizing industries and transforming the way we live. One of the most significant breakthroughs came in 1869 with Mendeleyev's periodic table, which organized elements based on their properties and paved the way for further scientific advancements. In that same era, another remarkable invention emerged - the Bakelite telephone. This early plastic device marked a turning point in telecommunications technology, showcasing the potential engineering to create innovative materials. But not all chemical reactions bring about positive outcomes. Fire, a powerful force fueled by chemical reactions, can be both destructive and mesmerizing. Its ability to transform matter is awe-inspiring yet serves as a reminder of nature's raw power. Dmitri Mendeleev himself was no stranger to caricatured fame as his contributions to chemistry were widely recognized. His genius lay in organizing elements into groups with similar properties, forever immortalized through humorous depictions of his likeness. Centuries before Mendeleev's time, there was Count of St Germain - a mysterious French alchemist who dabbled in various branches of science including chemistry. Legends surround this enigmatic figure whose pursuit of transmutation captivated many throughout history. The combination of copper and magnesium sulphate (LM) showcases how they can interact to produce stunning visual effects under controlled conditions within laboratories. These experiments provide valuable insights into fundamental principles governing chemical reactions. Advancements continued well into the 20th century when mass spectrometers became indispensable tools for analyzing compounds at an atomic level. Their introduction in 1954 opened new doors for researchers seeking deeper understanding and precise measurements within the realm of chemistry. Chemistry also plays a crucial role beyond laboratory settings; it extends its reach even into medicine. Anesthetics inhibiting ion channels like C015/6718 have revolutionized surgical procedures by providing pain relief during operations while ensuring patient safety remains paramount. Within any laboratory setting, a trusty laboratory clamp is an essential tool.