Chemical Collection (page 3)

Graphene sheet. Graphene is a planar sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal pattern. Stacked graphene sheets form the common material graphite, used in pencils and industry

Louis Pasteur, French microbiologist
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), French microbiologist and chemist, in his laboratory. Louis Pasteur proved the germ theory of disease, which holds that germs attack the body from the outside

Chemistry equipment, 19th century
Chemistry equipment. Engraving of various pieces of equipment used in chemistry experiments. Most are concerned with the isolation of gas or with producing acids

Capsaicin molecule
Capsaicin, molecular model. This chemical gives chilies their heat and causes a burning sensation when ingested. It is a secondary metabolite of the chili plant (Capsicum sp)

Oxytocin neurotransmitter molecule. Computer model showing the structure of the neurotransmitter and hormone Oxytocin. Atoms are colour-coded spheres (carbon: dark grey, hydrogen: light grey)

Molecular orbitals. Computer model of a mixture of molecular orbitals. The electrons in molecules can be arranged in different patterns, giving rise to different energies

Januvia diabetes drug molecule
Januvia diabetes drug, molecular model. Januvia (sitagliptin) is a hypoglycaemic drug, one that reduces blood sugar levels

Praziquantel parasite drug. Computer model of a molecule of the drug praziquantel. Atoms are represented as spheres and are colour-coded; carbon (pink), hydrogen (white)

Explosion of Sarin nerve gas molecules
Sarin nerve gas. Computer artwork of exploding molecules of the nerve gas Sarin (methylphosphonefluridic, (1-methyl ester, chemical formula (C4.H10.O2.P.F))

Copper sulphate crystals, LM
Copper sulphate crystals. Polarised light micrograph (LM) of copper sulphate (CuSO4) crystals

Water molecule. Computer model of a molecule of water. Atoms are colour-coded: oxygen (red) and hydrogen (white). Water is one of the most abundant chemicals on Earth

Interferon molecule. Computer model showing the secondary structure of a molecule of interferon. Interferons are proteins produced by white blood cells as part of the immune response to invading

Hypo-allergenic soap. Top view of a bar of soap that has been developed so as not to cause an allergic reaction when used

Chemical Lectures, c. 1809 (engraving) (b / w photo)
XJF308091 Chemical Lectures, c.1809 (engraving) (b/w photo) by Rowlandson, Thomas (1756-1827); Private Collection; (add.info)

Worshipful Company of Salters armorial
This is the coat of arms of the Worshipful Company of Salters, as presented in a publication dated around 1800. The Worshipful Companies are trade associations based in the City of London

Chemistry Laboratory at Eton College, Berkshire
Boys being taught in the Chemistry Laboratory at Eton College, Berkshire. Date: circa 1905

Listers Agricultural Chemical Works, Newark, New Jersey
Listers Agricultural Chemical Works, Newark, near Jersey City, New Jersey, USA. Date: 1911

Oxytocin hormone crystals, LM C016 / 7195
Oxytocin. Polarised light micrograph of crystals of the female hormone oxytocin. In women this hormone is secreted naturally by the pituitary gland

Copper and magnesium sulphate
Copper sulphate and magnesium sulphate crystals, polarised light micrograph

Cubane molecule. Computer model showing the structure of a molecule of cubane (C8H8). Atoms are represented as colour-coded spheres (carbon, grey; hydrogen)

Barral & Bixios meteorological flight
On July 27, 1850, two French agronomists, Jacques Alexandre Bixio and Jean Augustin Barral, made an ascent by a hydrogen-filled balloon from the garden of the Paris Observatory

Safety glasses. Safety glasses are usually made with shatter-resistant plastic lenses to protect the eye from flying debris. The sort seen here are often used in science laboratories

Nanotube technology, conceptual artwork
Nanotube technology. Conceptual computer artwork of a woman wearing a hat that represents carbon nanotube technology. The hat is in the form of a molecular model that shows the hexagonal carbon

Aluminium window

Nerve synapse, TEM
Nerve synapse. Coloured transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of the neuron (nerve) terminal at a synapse in the diaphragm

Caffeine, molecular model. Atoms are represented as spheres and are colour-coded: carbon (grey), hydrogen (green), oxygen (red) and nitrogen (blue)

Aflatoxin, molecular model. Atoms are represented as spheres and are colour-coded: carbon (grey), hydrogen (white) and oxygen (red)

Leptin, molecular model. This hormone is produced by adipose (fat) tissue. It interacts with receptors in the brains hypothalamus to signal when a person is full

Vinegar production, 19th century cutaway artwork. This is a trickling method developed in 1823 by the German chemist Schutzenbach. The barrel is divided into three sections

Copper sulphate crystals. Polarised light micrograph of copper sulphate (CuS04) crystals

Calcium phosphate crystal, SEM
Calcium phosphate crystal, coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM). Crystalline materials have their atoms placed in regular lattices that can form geometric shapes like this

Paper chromatograms of various dyes
Paper chromatography. A selection of paper chromatograms of industrial dyes. Paper chromatography involves placing a small amount of the substance under investigation on a piece of filter paper

Fire. Conceptual image of a fire inside a container normally used by fire services to hold water to extinguish fires. This could represent recent controversies surrounding the funding of the fire

Cholera toxin, molecular model
Cholera toxin. Molecular model of the secondary structure of cholera enterotoxin (intestinal toxin). The molecule consists of two subunits, A (top) and B (bottom)

Progesterone hormone
Polarised light micrograph of crystals of progesterone. X 40

Isotretinoin anti-acne drug, molecular model. Atoms are represented as tubes and are colour- coded; carbon (yellow), hydrogen (white) and oxygen (red)

Mescaline hallucinogenic drug molecule
Mescaline hallucinogenic drug, molecular model. Mescaline is a hallucinogenic drug, produced from the dried tops (buttons) of the peyote cactus (Lophophora williamsii)

False col. SEM of crocidolite fibres
False-colour scanning electron micrograph of fibres of blue asbestos, or crocidolite. All asbestos varieties are silicates (amphibole minerals), the most common being crocidolite

Buckminsterfullerene molecule. Computer graphic of buckminsterfullerene (C60), a structural form (allotrope) of carbon. The carbon (C) atoms (green spheres)

Silver crystals. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of crystals of silver (symbol Ag, atomic number 47). Silver is a lustrous, precious metal which has been known since pre-history

Nanotube technology, computer artwork
Nanotube technology. Computer artwork of a cylindrical fullerene molecule (carbon nanotube). The hexagonal carbon structure of the nanotube is shown here

Fullerene molecule, computer artwork
Fullerene molecule. Computer artwork of the spherical fullerene molecule C320. Fullerenes are a structural type (allotrope) of carbon

Buckyball molecule. Computer artwork of a molecule of buckminsterfullerene (C60), a spherical fullerene and the first fullerene to be discovered (in 1985)

Computer graphic of a molecule of ATP
ATP. Computer graphic representation of a molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The molecule acts as an intracellular battery of metabolic energy

Copper and magnesium sulphate, LM
Copper and magnesium sulphate crystals. Polarised light micrograph (LM) of copper sulphate (CuSO4) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) crystals

Valdecoxib anti-inflammatory drug
Valdecoxib, computer model. This drug was used in the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and menstrual symptoms under the trade name Bextra

Paclitaxel drug molecule
Paclitaxel. Computer model of a molecule of the drug paclitaxel. It is sold under the brand name Taxol. It is a chemotherapy drug, used to treat cancers

Serotonin neurotransmitter molecule
Serotonin molecule. Computer artwork of a molecule of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, C10.H12.N2.O), a neurotransmitter. Atoms (spheres) are colour- coded: carbon (black), hydrogen (white)

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Chemical discoveries have shaped our world in countless ways, revolutionizing industries and transforming the way we live. One of the most significant breakthroughs came in 1869 with Mendeleyev's periodic table, which organized elements based on their properties and paved the way for further scientific advancements. In that same era, another remarkable invention emerged - the Bakelite telephone. This early plastic device marked a turning point in telecommunications technology, showcasing the potential engineering to create innovative materials. But not all chemical reactions bring about positive outcomes. Fire, a powerful force fueled by chemical reactions, can be both destructive and mesmerizing. Its ability to transform matter is awe-inspiring yet serves as a reminder of nature's raw power. Dmitri Mendeleev himself was no stranger to caricatured fame as his contributions to chemistry were widely recognized. His genius lay in organizing elements into groups with similar properties, forever immortalized through humorous depictions of his likeness. Centuries before Mendeleev's time, there was Count of St Germain - a mysterious French alchemist who dabbled in various branches of science including chemistry. Legends surround this enigmatic figure whose pursuit of transmutation captivated many throughout history. The combination of copper and magnesium sulphate (LM) showcases how they can interact to produce stunning visual effects under controlled conditions within laboratories. These experiments provide valuable insights into fundamental principles governing chemical reactions. Advancements continued well into the 20th century when mass spectrometers became indispensable tools for analyzing compounds at an atomic level. Their introduction in 1954 opened new doors for researchers seeking deeper understanding and precise measurements within the realm of chemistry. Chemistry also plays a crucial role beyond laboratory settings; it extends its reach even into medicine. Anesthetics inhibiting ion channels like C015/6718 have revolutionized surgical procedures by providing pain relief during operations while ensuring patient safety remains paramount. Within any laboratory setting, a trusty laboratory clamp is an essential tool.