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James II by the Grace of God King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland etc
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James II by the Grace of God King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland etc
5927192 A James II by the Grace of God King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland etc.A, 1685 circa (mezzotint) by Verkolje, Jan (1630-93); National Army Museum, London; (add.info.: A James II by the Grace of God King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland etc.A, 1685 circa.
Mezzotint by J Verkolje after P Kneller, published 1685 circa.
James IIs brief reign from 1685 to 1688 witnessed a considerable growth in the English Standing Army. As a Roman Catholic, James preferred his regiments to be officered wherever possible by fellow Catholics, whom he regarded as the most loyal. He also relied on a number of Protestant career-soldiers whom he believed would be loyal to the crown. However a key group of these men became disaffected, objecting to the Kings attempts to Catholicise the Army in defiance of the Test Act and his religious policy in general. Unfortunately for the King, they concluded that their interests would be better served by William Prince of Orange, the husband of Jamess Protestant daughter Princess Mary.
In 1688, William invaded England at the invitation of these officers, to prevent an alliance with his enemy, King Louis XIV of France, and to secure his wifes inheritance. William secured an almost bloodless victory in England through the defection of troops to his cause, though there was subsequently bitter fighting in Ireland and Scotland. Disgusted by this act of betrayal, James fled to France, where he lived in exile at St Germain.); eNational Army Museum; Dutch, out of copyright
Media ID 22562650
© National Army Museum / Bridgeman Images
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EDITORS COMMENTS
This print showcases a mezzotint portrait of James II, the King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland during the late 17th century. Created by Jan Verkolje in circa 1685, this artwork is now housed at the National Army Museum in London. James II's reign from 1685 to 1688 witnessed significant developments in the English Standing Army. As a Roman Catholic monarch, he favored fellow Catholics as officers but also relied on Protestant career-soldiers whom he believed would remain loyal to him. However, a group of these soldiers became disenchanted with James' attempts to Catholicize the army and his religious policies. In an unexpected turn of events, these disillusioned officers invited William Prince of Orange to invade England in 1688. Their aim was twofold: prevent an alliance between James and King Louis XIV of France and secure their own interests through William's wife Princess Mary. William's invasion resulted in almost bloodless victory as troops defected to his cause. Although there were subsequent conflicts in Ireland and Scotland, James was ultimately forced into exile in France where he resided at St Germain. This print serves as a reminder of the tumultuous political climate during James II's reign and highlights the complex dynamics within his army that led to his downfall. It captures both historical significance and artistic beauty through Verkolje's masterful mezzotint technique.
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