Michael S. Nolan / SpecialistStock

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Michael S. Nolan / SpecialistStock

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) near the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica. The AdÈlie Penguin is a type of penguin common along the entire Antarctic coast and nearby islands. These penguins are mid-sized, being 46 to 75 cm (18 to 30 in) in length and 3.9 to 5.8 kg (8.6 to 12.8 lbs) in weight. Distinctive marks are the white ring surrounding the eye and the feathers at the base of the bill. These long feathers hide most of the red bill.They are among most southerly distributed of all seabirds, along with Emperor Penguin, South Polar Skua, Wilsons Storm Petrel, Snow Petrel, and Antarctic Petrel. In 1830, French explorer Jules Dumont d Urville named them for his wife, AdÈlie. Although winter data is lacking, the AdÈlie penguin is known to feed mainly on Antarctic krill, crystal krill (ice krill), Antarctic silverfish, and Glacial Squid (diet varies depending on geographic location) during the chick-rearing season. The stable isotope record of fossil eggshell accumulated in colonies over the last 38, 000 years reveals a sudden change from a fish-based diet to krill that started two hundred years ago. This is most likely due to the decline of the Antarctic Fur Seal since the late 1700s and Baleen whales in the twentieth century. The reduction of competition from these predators has resulted in a surplus of krill, which the penguins now exploit as an easier source of food

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