Classification Collection

Standard periodic table, element types
Standard periodic table, colour-coded for element types. The periodic table shows the chemical elements ordered by atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus)

Standard periodic table, element types
Standard periodic table, colour-coded for element types. The periodic table shows the chemical elements ordered by atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus)

Diagram showing the spectral class and luminosity of stars. The diagram was named The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram, or the H-R diagram for short

Methodus plantarum sexalis in sistemate naturae descripta
Watercolour by George Ehret Dionysius (1708- 1770), 1736. Original artwork held at the Natural History Museum, London

Carl Linnaeuss Systema Naturae (1736)
Watercolour illustration by Georg Ehret, of Carl Linneauss sexual system for the classification of plants from Systema Naturae, published in 1736

Dewey Decimal System
Card index showing use of the Dewey Decimal Classification system, the most widely used library classification system, devised by Melvil Dewey in the 1870s

Plant sex system by Linnaeus, 1807
Plant sex system by Linnaeus. This diagram, laying out the sexual classification of plants devised by the Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778)

Onagraceae - Evening Primrose
Onagraceae: the evening primrose tribe. Source: Illustrations of the natural orders of plants with groups and descriptions by Twining, Elizabeth, 1805-1889

A 4-4-0 Locomotive
5308516 A 4-4-0 Locomotive.; (add.info.: Engraving depicting a 4-4-0 Express Locomotive. Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement)

A goods engine used by the French ligne due Nord
5308419 A goods engine used by the French ligne due Nord.; (add.info.: Engraving depicting a goods engine used by the French ligne due Nord. Dated 19th century)

A 2-4-0 locomotive
5308416 A 2-4-0 locomotive.; (add.info.: Engraving depicting a 2-4-0 locomotive for the Bergisch-Marische Railway designed by Archibald Sturrock and built by J. Fowler & Co., of Leeds)

A Fairlie locomotive
5308414 A Fairlie locomotive.; (add.info.: Engraving depicting a Fairlie locomotive, a type of articulated steam locomotive that has the driving wheels on bogies. Dated 19th century)

Bolet (Boletus edulis), edible. Chromolithography of C.Krause, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)
FLO4661751 Bolet (Boletus edulis), edible. Chromolithography of C.Krause, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)

Hepatic fistuline (Fistulina hepatica! , edible and rbolet chrysenteron (Boletus chrysentheron), suspect
FLO4661738 Hepatic fistuline (Fistulina hepatica! , edible and rbolet chrysenteron (Boletus chrysentheron), suspect. Chromolithography of C.Krause

Agaricus alutaceus (Agaricus alutaceus), edible and emetic agaric (Agaricus emeticus), venenous
FLO4661727 Agaricus alutaceus (Agaricus alutaceus), edible and emetic agaric (Agaricus emeticus), venenous. Chromolithography of C.Krause, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)

Sweet agaric (Agaricus subdulcis), edible and red agaric (Agaricus rufus), venenous
FLO4661702 Sweet agaric (Agaricus subdulcis), edible and red agaric (Agaricus rufus), venenous. Chromolithography of C.Krause, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)

Pepper agaric (Agaricus piperatus), edible. Chromolithography of C.Krause
FLO4661676 Pepper agaric (Agaricus piperatus), edible. Chromolithography of C.Krause, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)

Agaric snake (Agaricus procerus), edible. Chromolithography by H. Furrer, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba
FLO4661594 Agaric snake (Agaricus procerus), edible. Chromolithography by H. Furrer, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)

Edible Cesars (Agaricus caesareus) oronge. Chromolithography by H. Furrer
FLO4661544 Edible Cesars (Agaricus caesareus) oronge. Chromolithography by H. Furrer, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)

Morilla half-free (Morchella semi libera, Mitrophora semilibera), edible. Chromolithography of C.Krause
FLO4661860 Morilla half-free (Morchella semi libera, Mitrophora semilibera), edible. Chromolithography of C.Krause, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)

Yellow morel (Morchella lutescens) and fir morel (Morchella abietina), edible
FLO4661850 Yellow morel (Morchella lutescens) and fir morel (Morchella abietina), edible. Chromolithography of C.Krause, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)

Shade clavary, (Clavaria umbraticola), suspect. Chromolithography of C.Krause
FLO4661826 Shade clavary, (Clavaria umbraticola), suspect. Chromolithography of C.Krause, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)

Big head bolet (Boletus macrocephalus), edible. Chromolithography of C.Krause
FLO4661791 Big head bolet (Boletus macrocephalus), edible. Chromolithography of C.Krause, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)

Decorative arrangement of seven shells. Decorative arrangement of seven shells including princely purple, ricinula
FLO4685502 Decorative arrangement of seven shells. Decorative arrangement of seven shells including princely purple, ricinula, strombus, etc

Variety of tropical colorful shells.Variety of colorful tropical helix shells
FLO4685445 Variety of tropical colorful shells.Variety of colorful tropical helix shells. Helice trochiform: Helix epistilium, Helice macrostome: Helix vittata, Helice sinuee: Helix sinuata

Jellyfish. Jelly fish including mauve stinger (Pelagia noctiluca), berenice rouge, root-arm medusa
FLO4685408 Jellyfish. Jelly fish including mauve stinger (Pelagia noctiluca), berenice rouge, root-arm medusa, etc.Noctiluque pelagie: Pelagia noctiluca: Mallow stinger

Giant mantis shrimp. Giant mantis shrimp (Squilla maculata). Handcolored engraving by Pretre from Charles
FLO4685393 Giant mantis shrimp. Giant mantis shrimp (Squilla maculata). Handcolored engraving by Pretre from Charles d'Orbigny's "Universal Dictionary of Natural History" 1849.;

Squid (squid) and octopus. Squid (Histioteuthis bonnellii) and octopus (Octopus vulgaris)
FLO4685389 Squid (squid) and octopus. Squid (Histioteuthis bonnellii) and octopus (Octopus vulgaris). Handcolored engraving by Pretre from Charles d'Orbigny's "Universal Dictionary of

Common pomegranate, cut and section of the fruit Pomegranate fruit, open showing seeds (arils)
FLO4726100 Common pomegranate, cut and section of the fruit Pomegranate fruit, open showing seeds (arils) and section through fruit

Edible yellow bolet (Boletus flavus) and viscous bolet (Boletus viscidus)
FLO4661780 Edible yellow bolet (Boletus flavus) and viscous bolet (Boletus viscidus). Chromolithography of C.Krause, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)

Thick-foot bolet (Boletus pachypus), venenous. Chromolithography of C.Krause
FLO4661758 Thick-foot bolet (Boletus pachypus), venenous. Chromolithography of C.Krause, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)

Agaricus acre (Agaricus acris) and Delicious agaric (Agaricus deliciosus), edible
FLO4661722 Agaricus acre (Agaricus acris) and Delicious agaric (Agaricus deliciosus), edible. Chromolithography of C.Krause, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)

Agaric honey color, (Armillaria mellea, Agaricus melleus) edible. Chromolithography by C
FLO4661603 Agaric honey color, (Armillaria mellea, Agaricus melleus) edible. Chromolithography by C. Krause, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)

Jambu agaric (Agaricus gambosus). Chromolithography of C.Krause, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)
FLO4661601 Jambu agaric (Agaricus gambosus). Chromolithography of C.Krause, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)

Hydne sinuous (Hydnum repandum) and edible hydna (Hydnum imbricatum). Chromolithography of C.Krause
FLO4661806 Hydne sinuous (Hydnum repandum) and edible hydna (Hydnum imbricatum). Chromolithography of C.Krause, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)

Hydne coralloide (Hydnum coralloides) and hydne herisson (Hydnum erinaceus), edible
FLO4661787 Hydne coralloide (Hydnum coralloides) and hydne herisson (Hydnum erinaceus), edible. Chromolithography of C.Krause, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)

Edible scallop (Agaricus comatus) and agaric pie (Agaricus picaceus). Chromolithography of C.Krause
FLO4661675 Edible scallop (Agaricus comatus) and agaric pie (Agaricus picaceus). Chromolithography of C.Krause, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)

Azure agaric (Agaricus azureus), edible. Chromolithography of C.Krause, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba
FLO4661636 Azure agaric (Agaricus azureus), edible. Chromolithography of C.Krause, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)

Spindle-footed agaric (Gymopus fusipes, Agaricus fusipes) and edible agaric (Pholiota squarrosa, Agaricus squarrosus)
FLO4661615 Spindle-footed agaric (Gymopus fusipes, Agaricus fusipes) and edible agaric (Pholiota squarrosa, Agaricus squarrosus)

Large helvelle (Helvella gigas) large helvelle and helvelle in mitre (Helvella infula), edible
FLO4661873 Large helvelle (Helvella gigas) large helvelle and helvelle in mitre (Helvella infula), edible. Chromolithography of C.Krause, based on an illustration by Fritz Leuba (1848-1910)

A 0-6-0 locomotive
5308518 A 0-6-0 locomotive.; (add.info.: Engraving depicting a 0-6-0 locomotive. Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives)

A 4-4-0 Locomotive
5308515 A 4-4-0 Locomotive.; (add.info.: Engraving depicting a 4-4-0 American Express Locomotive. Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement)

Different types of corals. Different types of corals and bryozoans including hornwrack (Flustra foliacea)
FLO4685499 Different types of corals. Different types of corals and bryozoans including hornwrack (Flustra foliacea), precious coral or red coral (Corallium rubrum)

Variety of molluscs and shells. Variety of molluscs including terebratula, pearly fresh water mussel (Calecola)
FLO4685457 Variety of molluscs and shells. Variety of molluscs including terebratula, pearly fresh water mussel (Calecola), and jingle shells (Anomia).; (add.info.: Variety of molluscs and shells)

Coconut crab. Coconut crab (Birgus latroi). Handcolored engraving by Pretre from Charles d'Orbigny's
FLO4685401 Coconut crab. Coconut crab (Birgus latroi). Handcolored engraving by Pretre from Charles d'Orbigny's "Universal Dictionary of Natural History" 1849.; (add.info)

An Engerth Goods locomotive for hauling heavy goods
5308420 An Engerth Goods locomotive for hauling heavy goods.; (add.info.: Engraving depicting an Engerth Goods locomotive for hauling heavy goods at a slow speed. Dated 19th century)

Large black blue crayfish and scarlet. Large shiny blue black and crimson crawfish or crayfish (Palemon ornatum)
FLO4685516 Large black blue crayfish and scarlet. Large shiny blue black and crimson crawfish or crayfish (Palemon ornatum). Palemon adorns.; (add.info.: Large black blue crayfish and scarlet)

Variety of seafood including oysters and clams. Variety of seashells including oysters (Ostrea), file clams (Lima)
FLO4685484 Variety of seafood including oysters and clams. Variety of seashells including oysters (Ostrea), file clams (Lima), smooth pectens and scarlet thorny oyster (Spondylus)

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"Unveiling the Secrets of Nature: The Art and Science of Classification" From ancient times to modern days, humans have sought to understand and organize the vast diversity of life forms that surround us. This quest for knowledge led to the development of various classification systems throughout history. One of the earliest attempts at systematic they are be traced back to Carl Linnaeus, a renowned Swedish botanist. His groundbreaking work "Systema Naturae" published in 1736 introduced a method called "Methodus plantarum sexalis in sistemate naturae descripta, " which classified plants based on their reproductive organs. As scientific understanding expanded, so did our need for more comprehensive classifications. In 1793, another significant milestone was reached with the creation of the standard periodic table by Dmitri Mendeleev. This revolutionary tool organized chemical elements according to their atomic numbers and properties, providing scientists with invaluable insights into matter's fundamental building blocks. Not limited to just plants and chemicals, classification extended its reach into astronomy as well. A diagram showcasing spectral class and luminosity allowed astronomers to categorize stars based on their characteristics, shedding light on celestial phenomena like never before. Beyond science-specific domains, other fields also embraced classification systems. One such example is Melvil Dewey's Dewey Decimal System developed in 1876 for library organization. By assigning numerical codes to subjects across various disciplines, this system facilitated easy access and retrieval of information from libraries worldwide. In addition to these historical milestones, advancements continued into the realm of biology with Linnaeus' further contributions towards classifying organisms based on sexual reproduction patterns – exemplified by his study on Onagraceae or Evening Primrose depicted in Plate Moreover, Plate 20 showcases how microscopic marine organisms were meticulously categorized in lithographic form during early twentieth-century research efforts. These intricate illustrations provided valuable visual references aiding scientists' understanding of marine biodiversity.