Superfluidity Collection

Kapitsa and Androv, Russian physicists. Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa (left, 1894-1984) is listening to a graduate student called Androv (right), who is defending his doctoral thesis

Lev Landau, Soviet physicist
Lev Davidovich Landau (1908-1968), Soviet physicist. Landau was a theoretician who made important contributions to quantum mechanics, diamagnetism, superfluidity

Soviet physicists C013 / 4866
Soviet physicists. Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa (1894-1984, right) and Lev Artsimovich (1909-1973, left) in the back of a car. Artsimovich worked in the fields of nuclear fusion and plasma physics

Pyotr Kapitsa, Russian physicist C013 / 5385
Pyotr Kapitsa (1894-1984). Portrait of the Russian physicist and Nobel laureate Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa. Kapitsa worked in England until 1934 when, on a visit back to the USSR

Arkady Migdal, Russian physicist
Arkady Beinusovich Migdal (1911-1991), Russian physicist, giving a lecture. Migdal was born in Lithuania. He worked in the fields of particle and quantum physics

Pyotr Kapitsa, Russian physicist
Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa (1894-1984), Russian physicist and Nobel laureate, wearing his Hero of Socialist Labor medal. Kapitsa was born and educated in Russia

Brandt and Abrikosov, Russian physicists. Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (right, born 1928), talking with professor Nikolai Brandt in a physics laboratory

Elepter Andronikashvili, Soviet physicist
Elepter Luarsabovich Andronikashvili (1910-1989), Soviet physicist, in a laboratory. Andronikashvili, a member of the USSR Academy of Sciences

Bogolyubov (right), Soviet physicist
Soviet nuclear physicists. At right, Nikolai Nikolaevich Bogolyubov (1909-1992), the Director of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)

Bogolyubov and Keldysh, Soviet scientists
Soviet science administrators Keldysh (right) and Bogolyubov (left) attending the fifth session of one of the Supreme Soviets of the USSR in Moscow, Russia, on 18 December 1972

Alexei Abrikosov, Russian physicist
Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (born 1928), Russian physicist and Nobel laureate. Abrikosovs work has been in the field of condensed matter physics

Nikolai Bogolyubov, Soviet physicist
Nikolai Nikolaevich Bogolyubov (1909-1992), Soviet mathematician and physicist. Bogolyubov was born in Russia, and then educated in Kiev, the Ukraine

Neutron star structure, artwork
Neutron star structure. Artwork of the neutron star at the centre of the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant. A neutron star forms when the core of a dying star collapses into a super-dense state only a

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Superfluidity, a fascinating phenomenon in physics, was first studied by Russian physicists Pyotr Kapitsa and Andrey Androv. However, it was Soviet physicist Lev Landau who made significant contributions to our understanding of this unique state of matter. Landau's groundbreaking work on superfluidity earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1962. He developed a theory known as the "two-fluid model, " which described how superfluids can flow without any resistance or viscosity at extremely low temperatures. Soviet physicists C013 / 4866 further expanded upon Landau's ideas and conducted experiments that confirmed the existence in various substances. They observed remarkable properties such as zero friction when flowing through narrow channels and the ability to climb up walls against gravity. Pyotr Kapitsa, another prominent Russian physicist (C013 / 5385), played a crucial role in advancing our knowledge of superfluid helium. His innovative techniques allowed for the production of ultra-low temperatures necessary to study these extraordinary phenomena. Arkady Migdal, a renowned Russian physicist, contributed significantly to theoretical aspects related to superfluidity. His calculations provided valuable insights into how quantum mechanics governs the behavior of particles within these exotic states. Brandt and Abrikosov were also notable Russian physicists who made important contributions to understanding superconductivity—a closely related concept—by studying its connection with magnetic fields. Elepter Andronikashvili, a Soviet physicist, conducted pioneering experiments on liquid helium that revealed astonishing properties like heat conduction against thermal gradients—an apparent violation of conventional laws governing heat transfer. Bogolyubov and Keldysh were Soviet scientists whose collaborative efforts resulted in significant advancements regarding many-body theories applied specifically to systems exhibiting superfluid behavior. Their work laid down fundamental principles still used today for describing complex interactions within these intriguing states of matter.