Stratification Collection (page 2)

Sopwith Models: denudation & faulting
Models showing the effect of denudation and faulting on how rock strata appear at the surface. Thomas Sopwith (1803 - 1879)

Sopwith Model II: Coal strata near Newcastle
Unlike the models of generic situations this representation of coal strata was specific to a particular surveyed location in England showing several thin, and mostly hidden, coal seams

Sopwith Model VII: Denudation of mineral veins
This model shows the influence of surface denudation and faulting on otherwise flat, horizontal strata. The discontinuity between the beds as viewed at the surface can be seen

Sopwith Model VI: Intersecting mineral veins
This Model, rather than representing the strata as they would appear at the surface, shows how a seam of coal can be displaced in the subsurface by various modes of faulting

Sopwith Model XI: Vertical intersecting veins
This model, when separated, shows the complex interface between faulted strata of rocks. Thomas Sopwith (1803 - 1879) was an eminent geologist

Sopwith Model XII: Mineral vein denudation
This model shows the influence of surface denudation and faulting on inclined strata, with increased complexity to the situation in Model VII

Sopwith Model VIII: Overcutting of strata
This model shows overcut strata: when the layers of rock are inclined at a gentler angle than the eroded slope, the resulting vee pattern points uphill

Sopwith Model VII: Surface denudation
This model shows the influence of surface denudation and faulting on otherwise flat, horizontal strata. The discontinuity between the beds as viewed at the surface can be seen

Sopwith Model X: Denuded basset of strata
This model shows undercut strata: when the layers of rock are inclined at a steeper angle than the eroded slope, the resulting vee pattern points downhill

Sopwith Model V: Dislocations of coal strata
This model shows that while very little coal may appear at ground level, coal seams (subject to faults and dislocations) can be found below the ground

Sopwith Model IV: Fallacious coal indications
This model depicts the scenario where from the surface an abundance of coal appears to exist, but there is actually very little quantity below

Sopwith Model III: Dislocation of strata
This model represents the side of a valley of denudation, with undisturbed horizontal beds of sedimentary rock when fully assembled

Sopwith Model I: Stratified rocks / denudation
Black lines in this model represent coal seams, between lighter shales and sandstones. When separated the lower section shows a gently inclined valley floor

Sopwith Model II: Coal strata nr Newcastle
Unlike the models of generic situations this representation of coal strata was specific to a particular surveyed location in England showing several thin, and mostly hidden, coal seams

Cover of Thomas Sopwiths Geological Model Set
Thomas Sopwith (1803 - 1879) was an eminent geologist and civil engineer who pioneered methods of representing geological features

Thomas Sopwiths Geological Model Set
Thomas Sopwith (1803 - 1879) was an eminent geologist and civil engineer who pioneered methods of representing geological features

Gletscherfront des Schlatenkees. Das Gletschereis zeigt Schichtungen und eingeschlossenes
Glacier front of Schlatenkees. The glacial moraine shows layers and trapped. The Schlatenkees is one of the largest glaciers of Austria and melts back quickly. Austria, Tirol, Hohe Tauern

Volcanic and Hurricane Charts; Craters; and Antarctica Engraving
Engraved Illustrations of Volcanic and Hurricane Charts; Craters; and Antarctica from Iconographic Encyclopedia of Science, Literature and Art, Published in 1851

Stratification in Mountains and Basins; Fissures and Craters Engraving
Engraved Illustrations of Stratification in Mountains and Basins; Fissures and Craters from Iconographic Encyclopedia of Science, Literature and Art, Published in 1851

Volcanoes and Volcanic Formations and Stratification Engraving
Engraved Illustrations of Volcanoes and Volcanic Formations and Stratification from Iconographic Encyclopedia of Science, Literature and Art, Published in 1851. Copyright has expired on this artwork

Map of Bay of Naples and Naples Engraving
Engraved Illustrations of Volcanoes and Volcanic Formations and Stratification and the Map of Bay of Naples and Naples, Italy from Iconographic Encyclopedia of Science, Literature and Art

Map of Volcanic Chart of Iceland Engraving
Engraved Illustrations of Volcanoes and Volcanic Formations and Stratification and the Map of Volcanic Chart of Iceland from Iconographic Encyclopedia of Science, Literature and Art

Puffin Hole at Kilkee, County Clare, Ireland, from Scenery and Antiquities in
KW131092 Puffin Hole at Kilkee, County Clare, Ireland, from Scenery and Antiquities in Ireland by George Virtue, 1860s (engraving) by Bartlett

Natural Bridges near Kilkee, County Clare, Ireland, from Scenery and Antiquities
KW131084 Natural Bridges near Kilkee, County Clare, Ireland, from Scenery and Antiquities of Ireland be George Virtue, 1860s (engraving) by Bartlett

Cove in Mal Bay, County Clare, Ireland, from Scenery and Antiquities of Ireland
KW131083 Cove in Mal Bay, County Clare, Ireland, from Scenery and Antiquities of Ireland by George Virtue, 1860s (engraving) by Bartlett

Plaiskin Cliff, near Giants Causeway, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, from Scenery
KW131064 Plaiskin Cliff, near Giants Causeway, County Antrim, Northern Ireland, from Scenery and Antiquities of Ireland by George Virtue, 1860s (engraving) by Bartlett

Laguna de Horcones. Argentina, Mendoza, Parque Provincial Aconcagua, Aconcagua Provincial Park
Laguna de Horcones, Aconcagua Provincial Park, Mendoza Province, Argentina

Sheila Kaye-Smith (1887-1956), British novelist who wrote about Sussex, on country matters and social stratification. She was one of the authors satirised by Stella Gibbons in Cold Comfort Farm (1934)

Fire Wave, Valley of Fire, USA C018 / 1767
Fire Wave. Photographed in Valley of Fire State Park, Nevada, USA. This park derives its name from these red sandstone formations, formed from great shifting sand dunes during the age of dinosaurs

Outlying rocks, Bermuda 1873
A photograph taken during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger (1872-1876), funded by the British Government for scientific purposes

Rock structure, Burmuda 1873
A photograph taken during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger (1872-1876), funded by the British Government for scientific purposes

Peculiar stratifications just outside the dockyards, Bermuda
A photograph taken during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger (1872-1876), funded by the British Government for scientific purposes

Rock formation, Bermuda 1873
A photograph taken during the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger (1872-1876), funded by the British Government for scientific purposes

Fossil tooth of some extinct monstrous unknown animal from W
Plate 1 from Strata Identified by Organized Fossils by William Smith (1816-1819) (Mastodon arvernensis Croizet & Jobert from Norwich Crag, Pleistocene)

Lower Chalk

William Smiths geological table
Fig 2 from Delineation of Strata of England and Wales (1815) by William Smith

Volcanic eruption
A flood basalt eruption. One of a series (including image numbers 185 to 190) showing various forms of volcanic eruption

Silurian limestone in quarry, showing layered bedding over reef formation, Knowle Quarry, Wenlock Edge, Shropshire, England, April

Silurian limestone in quarry, showing bedding, Wenlock Edge, Shropshire, England, April

Silurian limestone in quarry, showing reef formation, Wenlock Edge, Shropshire, England, April

Stratification Diagrams
Two diagrams to explain stratification: the books represent the different stratas in a depth of about 5 miles; the hand indicates depth of the coal strata Date: 19th century

Quarry face, Wenlock sandstone dominated mid-Silurian sedimentary deposits, Tan-Y-Foel Quarry, Penstrowed Grits Formation, Powys, Wales, august

Geologists looking at quarry face, Wenlock sandstone dominated mid-Silurian sedimentary deposits, Tan-Y-Foel Quarry, Penstrowed Grits Formation, Powys, Wales, august

Eroded sandstone potholes. These holes in the red sandstone rock are known as Bourkes Luck Potholes. They were carved out by erosion from sand and debris in the river over millions of years

Leonardos drawing of stratified rocks
Leonardos studied the stratification of rocks and the flow of water. He concluded that " the stratified stones of the mountains are the layers of clay deposited one above the other by

Jurassic rock strata
Jurassic fossil bearing cliffs. Crumbling rock strata in part of the cliffs between Lyme Regis and Charmouth, Dorset. Known as The Spittles and Black Ven

Layered Martian terrain, satellite image
Layered Martian terrain. Coloured satellite image of layered rocks in Arabia Terra, northern Mars. The rocks have layers of roughly uniform depth

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"Unveiling Earth's Layers: Exploring the Fascinating World of Stratification" Discovering Earth's Secrets: William Smith Geological Map reveals hidden layers beneath our feet. Timeless Beauty: Geological unconformity on the river Jed showcases millions of years in a single frame. Unraveling Oxfordshire's Past: A mesmerizing journey through time with the Geological Map of Oxfordshire. The Enigmatic Kelloways Stone: A geological marvel that holds clues to ancient landscapes and ecosystems. Mapping Our Planet's History: Delving into the intricate details of William Smith's Geological Map. Nature's Grand Masterpiece: Beholding the awe-inspiring stratification at Grand Canyon National Park. Forces Unleashed: Witnessing the raw power and beauty of a volcanic eruption shaping our planet. Cultural Tapestry: Two Brahmin Girls standing against a backdrop of stratified society and traditions. Etretat, France - L'Aiguille (The Needle): Marveling at nature's artistry etched in stunning rock formations. Werner's Legacy Lives On: Abraham Gottlob Werner engraving immortalizes his contributions to understanding stratification. Prince William Sound, Alaska - Autumn Magic unfolds as Valdez Island emerges from misty stratified evergreens. Delve into Earth’s captivating story as we explore various aspects of "stratification, " from geological wonders like William Smith’s maps and geological unconformities on rivers to breathtaking natural landmarks such as Grand Canyon National Park and Prince William Sound in Alaska. Witness how these layers tell tales spanning millions of years, unraveling mysteries about our planet’s past climates, ecosystems, and tectonic forces through captivating visuals like Kelloways Stone or volcanic eruptions frozen in time. Beyond geology lies cultural stratifications represented by two Brahmin girls embodying societal divisions shaped by tradition and heritage.