Natural Philosophy Collection (page 2)

A Philosopher giving a Lecture on the Orrery in which a lamp is put in place of the Sun. Found in the Collection of State Hermitage, St. Petersburg

Photophone by Alexander Graham Bell, 1882. Artist: Anonymous
Photophone by Alexander Graham Bell, 1882. Private Collection

Advertisement for the Edison Mimeograph, 1900s-1910s. Artist: Anonymous
Advertisement for the Edison Mimeograph, 1900s-1910s. Private Collection

San Francisco Parlor with Kinetoscopes, 1894-1895. Artist: Anonymous
San Francisco Parlor with Kinetoscopes, 1894-1895. Private Collection

Archimedes Siege Catapult. From The Histories by Polybius, 1727. Artist: Anonymous
Archimedes Siege Catapult. From The Histories by Polybius, 1727. Private Collection

The Westinghouse Alternating Current Motor by Nikola Tesla, 1888-1889. Artist: Anonymous
The Westinghouse Alternating Current Motor by Nikola Tesla, 1888-1889. Private Collection

Optics. From: L Arte di restituire a Roma tralasciate Navigazione... 1685. Artist: Meijer (Meyer), Cornelis Jansz
Optics. From: L Arte di restituire a Roma tralasciate Navigazione... 1685. Private Collection

Margarita Philosophica. Anatomy, 1504. Artist: Reisch, Gregor (1467-1525)
Margarita Philosophica. Anatomy, 1504. Private Collection

Margarita Philosophica. Title page, 1504. Artist: Reisch, Gregor (1467-1525)
Margarita Philosophica. Title page, 1504. Private Collection

Margarita Philosophica. Geometry, 1504. Artist: Reisch, Gregor (1467-1525)
Margarita Philosophica. Geometry, 1504. Private Collection

Robert Boyle, 17th century Irish natural philosopher, (c1850). Boyle (1627-1691) was the seventh son of the first Earl of Cork

John Tyndall, DCL, LLD, FRS, Professor of Natural Philosophy at the Royal Institution, 1877. Artist: Lock & Whitfield
John Tyndall, DCL, LLD, FRS, Professor of Natural Philosophy at the Royal Institution, 1877. From Men of Mark: a gallery of contemporary portraits of men distinguished in the Senate, the Church

John Anderson, Scottish professor of natural philosophy, (1870). Artist: William Holl
John Anderson, Scottish professor of natural philosophy, (1870). An engraving of Anderson (1726-1796) from Robert Chambers A Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen, Blackie and Son, (Glasgow)

Robert Boyle, Anglo-Irish chemist C017 / 7120
Robert Boyle (1627-1691), Anglo-Irish chemist. Boyle established chemistry as a separate science and stressed the need for experimental precision and accurate observation

Hippocrates, Ancient Greek physician
Hippocrates (c.460-c.370 BC), Ancient Greek physician and philosopher. Hippocrates, who is considered the father of medicine, founded a medical school on the Aegean island of Kos

Plato
Bust of Plato (428-347 BC), Ancient Greek philosopher. Platos work was, and is, a major influence on the development of European philosophical and scientific thought

John Playfair, 1748 - 1819. Church of Scotland minister, scientist, mathematician, professor of natural philosophy. After an engraving by James Thomson

Sir Kenelm Digby, 1603 - 1665, an English courtier, diplomat, natural philosopher; England

A family of alchemists at work. A 17th century illustration after a work by Pieter Bruegel

Roger Bacon, c. ?1219 / 20 - c. ?1292, also known as Doctor Mirabilis. English philosopher and Franciscan friar
Roger Bacon, c.?1219/20 - c.?1292, also known as Doctor Mirabilis. English philosopher and Franciscan friar. Illustration by Gordon Ross, American artist and illustrator (1873-1946)

Plate X Rational Recreations Principles Numbers
Plate X, Rational Recreations, In which the Principles of Numbers and Natural Philosophy are clearly and copiously elucidated by a Series of Easy, Entertaining, Interesting Experiments

Plate XI Rational Recreations Principles Numbers
Plate XI, Rational Recreations, In which the Principles of Numbers and Natural Philosophy are clearly and copiously elucidated by a Series of Easy, Entertaining, Interesting Experiments

Inner Court Natural Philosophy Class-Rooms
The Inner Court - Natural Philosophy Class-Rooms, &c; Thomas Annan (Scottish, 1829 - 1887); Glasgow, Scotland; 1871; Carbon print; 22.9 × 18 cm (9 × 7 1, 16 in.)

Sir WIlliam Thomson LL. D. D. C. L Professor Natural Philosophy
Sir WIlliam Thomson, LL.D. D.C.L, Professor of Natural Philosophy; Thomas Annan (Scottish, 1829 - 1887); Glasgow, Scotland; 1871; Carbon print; 21.4 × 15.9 cm (8 7, 16 × 6 1, 4 in.)

Geber, Islamic Spanish alchemist
Geber (c.722-c.815), Islamic Spanish alchemist. Geber is a Latinised form. His full Arabic name is Jabir ibn Hayyan. Geber is sometimes known as the Father of Chemistry

The four humours, diagram
The four humours. Diagram showing the relationship between the four humours, basic qualities of the body and its diseases, and nature and the seasons

Thales, Ancient Greek philosopher
Thales of Miletus (c.624-c.546 BC), Ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, and the first identifiable scientist

Theophrastus, Ancient Greek philosopher
Theophrastus of Lesbos (c.371-c.287 BC), Ancient Greek philosopher. Known as the " father of botany", Theophrastus studied with Plato in Athens

Aristotle studying in his youth. The Ancient Greek philosopher and naturalist Aristotle (384-322 BC) influenced many later thinkers, working in areas such as logic, astronomy, zoology

Robert Boyle

Isaac Newton, after Samuel Freeman, 18th Century (engraving)
XJF867973 Isaac Newton, after Samuel Freeman, 18th Century (engraving) by English School, (19th century); Private Collection; English, out of copyright

Robert Hooke, English natural philosopher C017 / 7121
Robert Hooke (1635-1703), English natural philosopher. Hooke made numerous advances in fields as diverse as astronomy, physics and microbiology, and his name is remembered in Hookes Law

Pythagorean harmonics, 1492 artwork C016 / 8941
Pythagorean harmonics. 15th-century artwork of an account of experiments on musical harmonics and the octave, said to have been carried out by 5th-century BC Ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras

Albertus Magnus, German theologian
Albertus Magnus (1193-1280), German theologian, lecturing and holding a staff. Albertus was a Dominican friar and bishop who believed in the peaceful coexistence of science and religion

Heinrich Agrippa, German alchemist
Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa (1486-1535), German alchemist, writing on a scroll with a quill. Also known as Agrippa von Nettesheim, he was born in Cologne, Germany, and studied theology, philosophy

Richard Lovett, British physicist
Richard Lovett (1692-1780), British physicist. Lovett is here consulting his book Philosophical Essays in Three Parts (1766)

Scientific demonstration, 18th century
Scientific demonstration. 18th-century artwork depicting one of the first lectures in experimental philosophy. The man at right is giving a lecture

Aristotle, Ancient Greek philosopher C015 / 5780
Aristotle (384 BC-322 BC), Ancient Greek philosopher and naturalist. Aristotle is one of the most important figures in the history of Western thought

Aristotle, Ancient Greek philosopher C015 / 5779
Aristotle (384 BC-322 BC), Ancient Greek philosopher and naturalist. Aristotle is one of the most important figures in the history of Western thought

Democritean Universe. 17th-century artwork of the atomistic universe proposed by the Ancient Greek philosopher Democritus (c.460-370 BC). The artwork was published in 1675

School of Pythagoras in Croton
School of Pythagoras. The Ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras (c.580-c.490 BC, centre) established an eccentric religious community at Croton, in southern Italy

Pythagoras and Egyptian priests
Pythagoras (c.580-c.490 BC), Ancient Greek philosopher, with Egyptian priests. Pythagoras is thought to have studied in Egypt for 21 years

Pythagoras, Ancient Greek philosopher
Pythagoras (c.580-c.490 BC), Ancient Greek philosopher. Pythagoras is most famous for the theorem, a mathematical proof concerning triangles, that is named after him

Death of Pliny the Elder, Roman naturalist
Death of Pliny the Elder (23-79 AD), Roman naturalist and author, on the beach at Stabiae during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius

Pliny the Elder, Roman naturalist
Pliny the Elder (23-79 AD), Roman naturalist and author, shown with some of the animals, minerals and plants described in his 37-volume encyclopedia Historia Naturalis

Hipparchus, Ancient Greek astronomer
Hipparchus (c.190-c.120 BC), Ancient Greek astronomer, with the armillary sphere he invented (lower right) and representations of the signs of the zodiac in the night sky

Galen lecturing on anatomy in Rome
Galen (c.129-200 AD), Ancient Greek physician and anatomist, lecturing on anatomy in Rome, in the Temple of Peace, using animal skeletons (right). Galen came to Rome in 162 AD

Dioscorides, Ancient Greek physician
Dioscorides sculpture by a pond. The Ancient Greek physician Pedanius Dioscorides (c.40-c.90 AD) worked as a surgeon in the Roman army

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"Exploring the Cosmos: Unveiling Natural Philosophy through Celestial Mechanics and Medieval Artwork" In the realm of natural philosophy, a captivating journey awaits as we delve into the depths of knowledge. From ancient Greek philosophers like Socrates and Plato to groundbreaking thinkers like Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibnitz, this caption takes us on an enlightening voyage. Imagine gazing at medieval artwork adorned with celestial mechanics, where intricate depictions of planets and stars merge with artistic brilliance. These masterpieces offer glimpses into how our ancestors perceived the cosmos, blending scientific curiosity with artistic expression. Socrates, often depicted in caricatures, stands as a symbol of intellectual pursuit. His relentless questioning paved the way for critical thinking that still shapes our understanding today. Similarly, Plato's philosophical teachings continue to inspire generations as his caricature captures his profound wisdom. The 16th-century witnessed a revolution in astronomy when scholars dared to challenge conventional beliefs about our place in the universe. Pioneers such as Copernicus and Galileo shattered old notions by proposing heliocentrism – forever altering humanity's perception of its cosmic surroundings. Returning to Ancient Greece, Socrates emerges once again as an influential figure who questioned everything around him. His relentless pursuit of truth laid foundations for future philosophical inquiries that would shape natural philosophy for centuries to come. Enter Sir Isaac Newton – a towering genius whose discoveries revolutionized science itself. A portrait from 1830 immortalizes this brilliant mind who unraveled fundamental laws governing motion and gravity; his contributions remain indispensable even today. Gottfried Leibnitz joins Newton on this intellectual pedestal; both men made significant strides in mathematics and calculus during their lifetimes. Their portraits remind us that great minds can coexist while pushing boundaries within their respective fields. Shifting gears towards more recent history brings us face-to-face with Alexis Caswell - an eminent scholar from the 19th century whose work in astronomy and mathematics continues to inspire.