Mineral Deposits Collection

Lake Natron in northern Tanzania is one of the most alkaline of the Rift system. As its waters evaporate in the intense heat, sodium sesquicarbonate, known as trona or natron

The spectacular geothermal area of Rotorua in New Zealands North Island - steaming fissures 2a
Rotorua, New Zealand - 1 March 2019; Rotorua in New Zealands North Island is an extended area packed with geothermal vents, boiling mud springs, sulphur fields, steaming fissures and geysers

Cave, cross-section

Lake Natron in the Rift Valley
Lake Natron in northern Tanzania is one of the most alkaline of the Rift system. As its waters evaporate in the intense heat, sodium sesquicarbonate, known as trona or natron

The extinct volcano at Chew Bet in southern Ethiopia has a dark, seasonal lake at the bottom of its deep, steep-sided crater. Borana tribesmen harvest salt there for their livestock

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The spectacular geothermal area of Rotorua in New Zealand's North Island

Dead Lodgepole pines, with thermal residue known as bobby sox trees in winter, YNP, Wyoming, USA
Dead lodgepole pine trees (Pinus contorta) with a thermal runoff channel in the Lower Geyser Basin, also known as bobby sox trees due to the white

Mineral deposits at Canary Spring, Mammoth Hot Springs in Yellowstone Natural Park, Wyoming, USA
Thermal runoff channels create travertine mineral deposits at Canary Spring of the Mammoth Hot Springs in Yellowstone Natural Park; Wyoming, United States of America

Grand Prismatic Spring and Excelsior Geyser Crater in Midway Geyser Basin, YNP, Wyoming, USA
Grand Prismatic Spring is one of the largest and most beautiful examples of a common hydrothermal feature in Yellowstone National Park and one of the largest hot springs in the United States

Frost covered conifers in the mist, Mammoth Hot Springs, YNP, Wyoming, USA
Frost covered conifers emerge through the misty steam in Mammoth Hot Springs; Yellowstone Natural Park, Wyoming, United States of America

Canary Spring at Mammoth Hot Springs in Yellowstone Natural Park, Wyoming, USA
Mineral deposits and steam vapors of Canary Spring at the Mammoth Hot Springs in Yellowstone Natural Park; Wyoming, United States of America

Sunset over the Badwater salt flats on Death Valley National Park, California, USA
Sunset over the Badwater salt flats on Death Valley National Park; California, United States of America

Clepsydra Geyser erupting into the air under grey clouds, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA
Clepsydra Geyser erupting the earths crust sending jets of water and steam into the air under a grey, cloudy sky in Yellowstone National Park; Wyoming, United States of America

Grand Prismatic Spring, one of the largest hot springs in the United States, YNP, Wyoming, USA
Grand Prismatic Spring is one of the largest and most beautiful examples of a common hydrothermal feature in Yellowstone National Park and one of the largest hot springs in the United States

At 509 feet below sea level, Lake Assal is the lowest place in Africa. From time immemorial, nomadic Afar tribesmen have come here regularly with their camels to collect salt

A hardy Commiphora tree thrives beside Lake Magadi, an alkaline lake of the Rift Valley system, situated in a vey hot region of southern Kenya

Geothermal hot spring vents, Ethiopia C016 / 9679
Geothermal hot spring vents. Small mineral-encrusted vents at the hot springs at Dallol in the Danakil depression of northern Ethiopia. This area is about half a metre across

Geothermal mineral deposits, Ethiopia C016 / 9678
Geothermal mineral deposits. Sulphur-rich mineral deposits that have formed around the hot springs of Dallol in the Danakil depression of northern Ethiopia

River flowing over travertine deposits at Plitvice National Park, Croatia. Travertine is a mineral precipitated from streams super- saturated with bicarbonates

Plitvice National Park
Plitvice national Park, Croatia. Series of lakes and waterfalls separated by travertine dams. Travertine is a mineral precipitated from streams super-saturated with bicarbonates

Travertine dam. River cascading over a travertine dam at Plitvice National Park, Croatia. Travertine is a mineral precipitated from streams super- saturated with bicarbonates

Eroded glacial landscape, British Columbi
Eroded glacial landscape. These multi-coloured pyroclastic (formed from volcanic eruptions) beds and sandstone and mudstone layers were eroded by glacial movements 12, 000 years ago

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"Unveiling the Mysteries of Mineral Deposits: A Journey through Lake Natron and Yellowstone National Park" Embark on a captivating expedition to uncover the hidden treasures of mineral deposits. Our adventure begins at Lake Natron in northern Tanzania, nestled within the breathtaking Rift Valley. Here, nature's artistry is showcased as an extinct volcano at Chew Bet in southern Ethiopia casts its dark shadow over the landscape. As we traverse further, our path leads us to YNP, Wyoming, USA - a land brimming with geological wonders. Witness the mesmerizing sight of Dead Lodgepole pines adorned with thermal residue, creating enchanting bobby sox trees during winter. Canary Spring at Mammoth Hot Springs beckons us with its vibrant hues and intricate mineral formations that seem straight out of a painter's palette. Continuing our odyssey through this geothermal wonderland, we encounter Grand Prismatic Spring and Excelsior Geyser Crater in Midway Geyser Basin. These colossal hot springs leave us awestruck by their sheer magnitude and kaleidoscope-like colors dancing amidst billowing steam. Nature's delicate touch becomes evident as frost delicately blankets conifers shrouded in mist at Mammoth Hot Springs. The juxtaposition of icy crystals against rugged terrain creates an ethereal ambiance that captivates all who behold it. Our journey takes an otherworldly turn as we venture into Death Valley National Park in California. Behold the surreal beauty of sunset casting its golden glow over Badwater salt flats - a vast expanse where minerals have crystallized into dazzling patterns under scorching desert suns. Finally, Clepsydra Geyser erupts into the air beneath grey clouds within Yellowstone National Park itself – showcasing nature's raw power amidst a dramatic backdrop. And last but not least, we stand before one of America's largest hot springs - Grand Prismatic Spring - where vibrant bands of color blend harmoniously, leaving us in awe of Earth's artistic prowess.