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Symbiotic Relationship Collection

In the vast ocean, a Dugong gracefully glides through the water, its massive body nourished by a seagrass meadow

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Dugong (Dugong dugon) male feeding on a seagrass meadow (Halophila stipulacea)

Dugong (Dugong dugon) male feeding on a seagrass meadow (Halophila stipulacea), accompanied by a young Golden trevally (Gnathanodon speciosus). Marsa Nabaa, Marsa Alam, Egypt. Red Sea

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Patterns made in sand by Mint-sauce worms (Symsagittifera roscoffensis / Convoluta

Patterns made in sand by Mint-sauce worms (Symsagittifera roscoffensis / Convoluta roscoffensis) sunbathing at low tide to allow the symbiotic algae to photosynthesise

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: An Alvarezsaurid bird cleans the mouth of a Giganotosaurus carolinii dinosaur

An Alvarezsaurid bird cleans the mouth of a Giganotosaurus carolinii dinosaur

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: RF- Western clownfish (Amphiprion oceallaris) in Magnificent sea anemone (Heteractis magnifica)

RF- Western clownfish (Amphiprion oceallaris) in Magnificent sea anemone (Heteractis magnifica). Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Giant manta ray, overhead (Manta birostris). Mexico, Revillagigedo Is

Giant manta ray, overhead (Manta birostris). Mexico, Revillagigedo Is
Tom Campbell / SplashdownDirect

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Patterns made in sand by Mint-sauce worms (Symsagittifera roscoffensis / Convoluta roscoffensis)

Patterns made in sand by Mint-sauce worms (Symsagittifera roscoffensis / Convoluta roscoffensis) sunbathing at low tide to allow the symbiotic algae to photosynthesise with bivalve shell

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Ocean sunfish (Mola mola) and Pilot fish (Naucrates sp). Tenerife, Canary Islands

Ocean sunfish (Mola mola) and Pilot fish (Naucrates sp). Tenerife, Canary Islands

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Bluestreak cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus) cleans among the sharp teeth of a

Bluestreak cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus) cleans among the sharp teeth of a predatory roving coral grouper (Plectropomus pessuliferus) beneath an overhang on a coral reef

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Dugong (Dugong dugon) male and juvenile Golden trevally (Gnathanodon speciosus

Dugong (Dugong dugon) male and juvenile Golden trevally (Gnathanodon speciosus) swimming over Seagrass (Halophila stipulacea) meadow. Marsa Nabaa, Marsa Alam, Egypt

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) portrait, Red-billed oxpeckers (Buphagus erythrorhynchus)

Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) portrait, Red-billed oxpeckers (Buphagus erythrorhynchus) removing parasites. Nakuru, Kenya

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Clownfish (Amphiprion sp) in anemone home, Philippines

Clownfish (Amphiprion sp) in anemone home, Philippines

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Commensal emperor shrimp (Periclimenes imperator) hitching a ride on a Nudibranch (Risbecia tryoni)

Commensal emperor shrimp (Periclimenes imperator) hitching a ride on a Nudibranch (Risbecia tryoni). Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Giant Manta (Manta birostris) with Remoras (Remora brachyptera) attached to both wings

Giant Manta (Manta birostris) with Remoras (Remora brachyptera) attached to both wings, offshore Santa Maria Island, Azores, Atlantic Ocean

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Yellow-spotted salamander eggs (Ambystoma maculatum) showing symbiosis with green algae

Yellow-spotted salamander eggs (Ambystoma maculatum) showing symbiosis with green algae, New Brunswick, Canada, May 2015

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Three spot damselfish (Dascyllus trimaculatus) with Sea anemone home, Yap, Micronesia

Three spot damselfish (Dascyllus trimaculatus) with Sea anemone home, Yap, Micronesia

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Bluestreak cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus) sticking its head into the mouth

Bluestreak cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus) sticking its head into the mouth of a Red Sea fusilier (Caesio lunaris) during a cleaning session. Small Crack, Sha ab Mahmud, Sinai, Egypt. Red Sea

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Mountain tree shrew (Tupaia montana) feeding on nectar secreted by the endemic Pitcher Plant

Mountain tree shrew (Tupaia montana) feeding on nectar secreted by the endemic Pitcher Plant (Nepenthes kinabaluensis) Montane forests (at 2200m-3000m), slopes of Mt Kinabalu

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Oman anemonefish / clownfish (Amphiprion omanensis) in a a Bulb-tentacle sea anemone

Oman anemonefish / clownfish (Amphiprion omanensis) in a a Bulb-tentacle sea anemone (Entacmaea quadricolor), coast of Dhofar and Hallaniyat islands, Oman. Arabian Sea

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Mountain tree shrew (Tupaia montana) feeding on nectar secreted by the endemic Pitcher Plant

Mountain tree shrew (Tupaia montana) feeding on nectar secreted by the endemic Pitcher Plant (Nepenthes kinabaluensis) Montane forests (at 2200m-3000m), slopes of Mt Kinabalu

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Red Sea anemonefish (Amphiprion bicinctus) in their home, a Sea anemone (Heteractis magnifica)

Red Sea anemonefish (Amphiprion bicinctus) in their home, a Sea anemone (Heteractis magnifica), on a coral reef. Big Brother island, Red Sea. Egypt

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Three False clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) in Sea anemone (Heteractis magnifica) Lighthouse Reef

Three False clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) in Sea anemone (Heteractis magnifica) Lighthouse Reef, Cabilao Island, Bohol, Central Visayas, Philippines, Pacific Ocean

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Red-billed Oxpecker (Buphagus erythrorhynchus), on Impala (Aepyceros melampus melampus)

Red-billed Oxpecker (Buphagus erythrorhynchus), on Impala (Aepyceros melampus melampus), Kruger National Park, South Africa

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Frog sitting on a crocodile snout, riau islands, indonesia

Frog sitting on a crocodile snout, riau islands, indonesia
horizontal, outdoors, day, no people, two animals, animal portrait, animal themes, wildlife, animals in the wild, crocodile, frog, reptile, amphibian, sitting, snout, balance, water, reflection

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Dugong (Dugong dugon) male, swims over seagrass meadow (Halophila stipulacea

Dugong (Dugong dugon) male, swims over seagrass meadow (Halophila stipulacea) accompanied by a young Golden trevally (Gnathanodon speciosus). Marsa Nabaa, Marsa Alam, Egypt. Red Sea

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Western clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris) poses with a large

Western clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris) poses with a large, dominant female behind. The clownfish in the foreground is probably a juvenile. Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Boxer Crab (Lybia tessellata) with sea anemones in its claws for defense. Lembeh Strait

Boxer Crab (Lybia tessellata) with sea anemones in its claws for defense. Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Giant Manta Ray (Manta birostris), with Remoras (Echeneididae) Socorro Island, Revillagigedo

Giant Manta Ray (Manta birostris), with Remoras (Echeneididae) Socorro Island, Revillagigedo Archipelago Biosphere Reserve (Socorro Islands), Pacific Ocean, Western Mexico, March

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Orange anemonefish (Amphiprion sandaracinos) in its host Mertens carpet sea anemone

Orange anemonefish (Amphiprion sandaracinos) in its host Mertens carpet sea anemone (Stichodactyla mertensii). Mabul Island, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia. Celebes Sea / Sulawesi Sea

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Clarks anemonefish (Amphiprion clarkii), pair tending to egg mass placed beside

Clarks anemonefish (Amphiprion clarkii), pair tending to egg mass placed beside the protection of an anemone. Yap, Micronesia

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: RF - Orange skunk clownfish (Amphiprion sandaracinos) in anemone, Puerto Galera, Philippines

RF - Orange skunk clownfish (Amphiprion sandaracinos) in anemone, Puerto Galera, Philippines

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Spinecheek anemonefish (Premnas biaculeatus) male with bleached anemone, Bunaken National Park

Spinecheek anemonefish (Premnas biaculeatus) male with bleached anemone, Bunaken National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Wild Konik horses with Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) Odry delta reserve, Stepnica

Wild Konik horses with Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) Odry delta reserve, Stepnica, Poland, July

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Bluestreak cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus) just swimming out of mouth of Oblique

Bluestreak cleaner wrasse (Labroides dimidiatus) just swimming out of mouth of Oblique / Diagonal banded sweetlips (Plectorhinchus lineatus) whilst cleaning / feeding, New Caledonia. Pacific Ocean

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Pink anemonefish (Amphiprion perideraion) in Purple magnificent sea anemone (Heteractis

Pink anemonefish (Amphiprion perideraion) in Purple magnificent sea anemone (Heteractis magnifica) Misool, Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia. Tropical West Pacific Ocean

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Maldive anemonefish (Amphiprion nigripes) shoal swimming in the current flowing over a

Maldive anemonefish (Amphiprion nigripes) shoal swimming in the current flowing over a Magnificent sea anemone (Heteractis magnifica). Baa Atoll, Maldives. Indian Ocean

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: RF- Pair of Red Sea anemonefish (Amphiprion bicinctus) in Magnificent sea anemone

RF- Pair of Red Sea anemonefish (Amphiprion bicinctus) in Magnificent sea anemone (Heteractis magnifica), which has closed up in the late afternoon revealing its red skirt. St Johns Reef. Egypt

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Red Sea anemonefish (Amphiprion bicinctus) in Magnificent sea anemone (Heteractis magnifica)

Red Sea anemonefish (Amphiprion bicinctus) in Magnificent sea anemone (Heteractis magnifica), which has closed up in the late afternoon, on coral reef under stormy seas. St Johns Reef. Egypt. Red Sea

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Pink anemonefish (Amphiprion perideraion) in a purple Magnificent sea anemone (Heteractis

Pink anemonefish (Amphiprion perideraion) in a purple Magnificent sea anemone (Heteractis magnifica). Misool, Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia. Tropical West Pacific Ocean

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostrus) with Blue gill sunfish

Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostrus) with Blue gill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) cleaning it, in a freshwater spring, beneath trees. Three Sisters Spring, Crystal River, Florida, USA

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Common clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) in the tentacles of its host

Common clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) in the tentacles of its host, Magnificent sea anemone (Heteractis magnifica), on a coral reef, Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, Molucca Sea

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Group of Clarion angelfish (Holacanthus clarionensis) cleaning an Oceanic manta ray

Group of Clarion angelfish (Holacanthus clarionensis) cleaning an Oceanic manta ray (Mobula birostris) as it swims over the reef, Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico, Pacific Ocean

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Oceanic manta ray (Mobula birostris) rolling over on its back as it is cleaned by Clarion angelfish

Oceanic manta ray (Mobula birostris) rolling over on its back as it is cleaned by Clarion angelfish (Holacanthus clarionensis), Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico, Pacific Ocean

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Two Oceanic manta rays (Mobula birostris) waiting to be cleaned by Clarion angelfish

Two Oceanic manta rays (Mobula birostris) waiting to be cleaned by Clarion angelfish (Holacanthus clarionensis), Revillagigedo Islands, Mexico, Pacific Ocean

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris) swimming with Remoras (Echeneidae), West End, Grand Bahamas

Lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris) swimming with Remoras (Echeneidae), West End, Grand Bahamas, Atlantic Ocean

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Darwin's Small ground finch (Geospiza fuliginosa) cleaning Alcedo giant tortoise

Darwin's Small ground finch (Geospiza fuliginosa) cleaning Alcedo giant tortoise (Chelonoidis vandenburghi) of ticks, Alcedo Volcano, Isabela Island, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis) calf, aged 6 weeks

Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis) calf, aged 6 weeks, with two Yellow-billed oxpeckers (Buphagus africanus) perched on its head feeding on parasites, Okavango Delta, Botswana, Africa

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: Candy stripe shrimp (Lebbeus grandimanus) sheltering beneath tentacles of its host

Candy stripe shrimp (Lebbeus grandimanus) sheltering beneath tentacles of its host, Crimson anemone (Cribrinopsis fernaldi). Browning Pass, British Columbia, Canada. North East Pacific Ocean. July

Background imageSymbiotic Relationship Collection: An endemic Hawaiian pom-pom crab / Boxer crab (Lybia edmondsoni)

An endemic Hawaiian pom-pom crab / Boxer crab (Lybia edmondsoni) carrying a juvenile Anemone (Triactis producta) in its claws as a defense mechanism



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In the vast ocean, a Dugong gracefully glides through the water, its massive body nourished by a seagrass meadow. This gentle giant relies on the symbiotic relationship it shares with Halophila stipulacea to sustain its life. Meanwhile, in prehistoric times, an Alvarezsaurid bird fearlessly approaches the mouth of a Giganotosaurus carolinii dinosaur. With meticulous care, it cleans away remnants of food from between the sharp teeth of this mighty predator. A remarkable example of mutualism in ancient ecosystems. On sandy shores, intricate patterns emerge as Mint-sauce worms wriggle beneath the surface. These tiny creatures create trails that serve as shelter for other organisms and contribute to beach stability—a harmonious partnership between nature and these fascinating worms. Beneath turquoise waters, a Western clownfish seeks refuge within the tentacles of a Magnificent sea anemone. In return for protection against predators, this vibrant fish provides nutrients to its host—an extraordinary case of mutual dependence. In Mexican seas, a Giant manta ray majestically soars above coral reefs while Remoras cling onto both wings. These small hitchhikers enjoy free transportation and access to leftover meals provided by their gracious host—the epitome of commensalism in marine environments. Far off on Tenerife's coastlines lie Ocean sunfish swimming alongside Pilot fish—two species united by mutual benefit. The sunfish offers protection from potential threats while enjoying parasite removal services provided by its loyal companions. Within coral reefs dwells another helpful creature—the Bluestreak cleaner wrasse diligently cleaning among sharp teeth belonging to various reef inhabitants. Its bravery ensures not only dental hygiene but also sustenance for itself—a classic example of mutualistic behavior underwater. Back in ocean depths where darkness reigns supreme resides another symbiotic duo—the Dugong and juvenile Golden trevally swim side by side.