Reformer Collection

PSCI2A-00066
Florence Nightingale. Hand-colored halftone of a 19th-century photograph

The Lady With The Lamp Florence Nightingale
A colour illustration from the 1890s depicting Florence Nightingale, English nurse and hospital reformer (1820-1910) at the barracks hospital, Scutari, in 1854 during the Crimean War

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk dancing with his adopted daughter
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (1881-1938) dancing with his adopted daughter Nebile Hamin on her wedding day to Rachid Bey, the Secretary of the Turkish Embassy at Vienna. Date: 1929

MARTIN LUTHER (1483-1546). German religious reformer. Luther defends himself before Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet in Worms, 17-18 April 1521. Line engraving, 19th century

Ataturk Mustapha Kemal
(MUSTAPHA) KEMAL ATATURK Soldier, reformer, and Founder of the Turkish State

Pinel releasing mental patients from shackles in France, 1796
Philippe Pinel releasing mental patients at La Salpetriere from their bonds, 1796. Hand-colored 19th-century halftone reproduction of a painting

John Calvin portrait. Hand-colored engraving

Jonathan Edwards
Evangelist Jonathan Edwards, with his autograph. Digitally colored engraving

Florence Nightingale, English nurse and hospital reformer, c1850s. Named after the place of her birth in Italy, Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) devoted her life to the sick and suffering

Saint John of the Cross, (1542-1591). Spanish mystic. The Ascent of Mount Carmel. It was composed between 1581-1585. Engraving. Edition of 1694, Madrid

Protestant Reformation. Satire against Martin Luther (1483
Protestant Reformation. 16th century. Germany. Satire against Martin Luther (1483-1546). Colored engraving

St Bernard of Clairvaux
Saint Bernard of Clairvaux. Digitally colored engraving

WILLIAM TYNDALE (1492?-1536). English translator of New Testament and Pentateuch: line engraving, 17th century

MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. (1929-1968). American clergyman and reformer. Dr. King (fourth from right) leading the march from Selma on the state capitol at Montgomery, Alabama, 25 March 1965

Martin Luther portrait. Hand-colored engraving reproduction of a portrait by Holbein

William Tyndale, English translator of the New Testament. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

John Calvin and the four syndics at Geneva
John Calvin and the four syndics founding the seminary which became the College of Geneva, 1559. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

Leo Tolstoy, Russian novelist
Leo Tolstoy (Count Lyev Nikolayevich Tolstoy), Russian novelist, essayist, dramatist and educational reformer

Luther nailing his 95 Theses to the door of All Saints Church, Wittenberg (chromolitho)
3093667 Luther nailing his 95 Theses to the door of All Saints Church, Wittenberg (chromolitho) by German School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info)

Daniel O Connell, engraved by H. Robinson (engraving)
2563489 Daniel O Connell, engraved by H. Robinson (engraving) by Stewart, J. (19th century); Free Library of Philadelphia; (add.info.: Daniel O Connell (6 August 1775 - 15 May 1847)

(1929-1968). American clergyman and reformer. At the March on Washington, 28 August 1963
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. (1929-1968). American clergyman and reformer. At the March on Washington, 28 August 1963

Martin Luther, German theologian
Martin Luther (1483-1546), German theologian and founder of the Protestant Reformation. Luther was born at Eisleben. Initially trained in law

Tatler cover: Duchess of Sutherland
Millicent Fanny Sutherland-Leveson Gower- [ne Millicent Fanny St Clair-Erskine], duchess of Sutherland (1867-1955), society hostess and social reformer

Sarah Martin
SARAH MARTIN reformer, depicted caring for homeless children

ATATURK (1881 - 1938)
(Mustapha) KEMAL ATATURK military, reformer, founder of Turkish State, with officials at the headquarters of nationalist government of Turkey in Angora

Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531) Swiss religious reformer

Historic
Martin Luther, (Eisleben, 1483, Eisleben, 1546). German reformer. Doctor of Theology and Augustinian priest. In 1517, outlined the main thesis of Lutheranism in Wittenberg

PSOC2C-00013
Social reformer Jane Addams against a photo of downtown Chicago in the 1890s. Composite of hand-colored photograph and Albertype photograph

Jacobus Arminius
JACOBUS ARMINIUS Dutch theologian and reformer

Wyclif / Paget / Harpers
JOHN WYCLIF religious reformer, depicted writing

John Wilkes
JOHN WILKES (1725 - 1797) English politician and reformer

Calvin / Whole Length
JEAN CALVIN French reformer, active in Switzerland

Nightingale / Cole / Century
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE Nurse, hospital reformer and philanthropist

Elizabeth Fry (Bibby s)
ELIZABETH FRY - Prison reformer, quaker and philanthropist

Nightingale / Keene, Derby
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE nurse, hospital reformer, philanthropist : after her return from the Crimea

Martin Luther
MARTIN LUTHER German religious reformer

Sayajirao III Gaekwad, Maharaja of Baroda
Sayajirao III Gaekwad (Shrimant Gopalrao Gaekwad) (1863-1939) The Maharaja of Baroda from 1875 to 1939, and a notable reformer

CARL SCHURZ: CARPETBAGGER. Schurz, an American army officer, politician, and reformer, vilified as a carpetbagger in an 1872 cartoon by Thomas Nast

Florence Nightingale - Pioneer of Nursing Techniques
Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) - celebrated English social reformer and statistician, and the founder of modern nursing

(1875-1955). American educator. Mary McLeod Bethune, center holding flowers
MARY McLEOD BETHUNE (1875-1955). American educator. Mary McLeod Bethune, center holding flowers, with members of the White House Conference Group of the National Womens Council, April 1938

Doncaster, from St. Stephens Review Presentation Cartoon, 17 September 1887
XCF136709 Doncaster, from St. Stephens Review Presentation Cartoon, 17 September 1887 (colour litho) by Merry, Tom (c.1852-1902); Private Collection; (add.info)

Martin Luther portrait. Hand-colored engraving reproduction of a portrait by Holbein

Prison reformer Elizabeth Fry visits women at Newgate
Elizabeth Fry (1780-1845) on a visit to Newgate Prison, London. In 1817, Fry and a group of like-minded, mostly Quaker, women formed the Ladies Association for the Reformation of the Female Prisoners

George Lansbury Pamphlet, Smash Up the Workhouse
The cover of George Lansburys 1909 pamphlet Smash Up the Workhouse. Lansbury (1859-1940) was a socialist politician and campaigner for social justice

Queen Marys visit to Poplar Schools at Brentwood
In 1906, the Poplar Union (East London) established a Schools site located between Shenfield and Hutton, near Brentwood, Essex

Pandita Ramabai / Postcard
PANDITA RAMABAI DONGRE MEDHAVI Indian reformer and educator, " Friend of the child widows"

John Wyclif and the Lollards
John Wyclif, Christian theologian and reformer, sending out some of his followers, known as Lollards, on their teaching missions

Martin Luther, Protestant church reformer, (1903). After a picture in the Tower Church at Weimar. Luther (1483-1546) was a major inspiration behind the Reformation

Lutheran satirical print against the sale of indulgences by
Protestant Reformation. 16th century. Germany. Lutheran satirical print against the sale of indulgences by the papacy. Colored engraving

Italian Friar and Preacher Girolamo Savonarola
Girolamo Maria Francesco Matteo Savonarola- Italian Dominican reformer and martyr Date: circa 1470s

Menno Simons
MENNO SIMONS (Simonszoon) Dutch religious reformer, anabaptist, founder of Mennonites. Date: 1496 - 1561

PETER MARTYR (1500-1562). Pietro Martire Vermigli. Florentine Augustinian abbot and religious reformer. Oil on canvas, 1560, by Hans Asper

Portrait of Arthur Atherley as an Etonian, c1791. Creator: Thomas Lawrence
Portrait of Arthur Atherley as an Etonian, c1791

Alexander Campbell (colour litho)
1630646 Alexander Campbell (colour litho) by American School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Alexander Campbell (1788-1866)

Anthony Ashley Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury, English politician and philanthropist, c1890. Lord Shaftesbury (1801-1885)

Sidney Webb, socialist, economist and reformer
Sidney James Webb, 1st Baron Passfield (1859-1947), British socialist, economist, reformer and co-founder of the London School of Economics. 1920

Ida Bell Wells-Barnett, Leader in civil rights

American civil rights leader. Photographed by Warren K. Leffler, 1963, while serving as Executive Secretary of the NaCP
ROY WILKINS (1901-1981). American civil rights leader. Photographed by Warren K. Leffler, 1963, while serving as Executive Secretary of the NaCP

(1929-1968). American clergyman and civil rights leader. Kings last public appearance
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. (1929-1968). American clergyman and civil rights leader. Kings last public appearance, 3 April 1968 at Mason Temple in Memphis, Tennessee, the night before his assassination

(1929-1968). American clergyman and reformer. Wood engraving, 1966, by Stefan Martin after Ben Shahn
MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. (1929-1968). American clergyman and reformer. Wood engraving, 1966, by Stefan Martin after Ben Shahn

COUNCIL OF CONSTANCE, 1414. Bohemian religious reformer Jan Hus (c1369-1415) at the Council of Constance, 1414. Wood engraving, 19th century

MARTIN LUTHER (1483-1546) with his wife, Katharina von Bora, and children in Wittenberg on Christmas Eve, 1536: German engraving, 19th century

PREV2A-00114
Thomas Paine. Hand-colored engraving

Charles Booth (1840-1916)
Photographic portrait of Charles Booth (1840-1916), the English shipowner, statistician and social reformer, date unknown

Martin Luther
MARTIN LUTHER (1483 - 1546) in 1520, aged 37

Elizabeth Fry (1780-1845) prison reformer, at Newgate prison, 1817

Samuel Smiles, Self Help (colour litho)
2800892 Samuel Smiles, Self Help (colour litho) by Ward, Leslie Matthew (Spy) (1851-1922); Private Collection; (add.info.: Samuel Smiles, Self Help, Vanity Fair cartoon)

Erasmus of Rotterdam, Dutch Catholic reformer and humanist (engraving)
3646446 Erasmus of Rotterdam, Dutch Catholic reformer and humanist (engraving) by German School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466-1536)

Brixton purgatory, 1822. Prisoners Theodore Hook, William Cobbett, Henry Hunt and Thomas Wooler on the treadmill at Brixton Prison

Room of Martin Luther (1483-1546) at Wartburg. Engraving. Co
Martin Luther (1483-1546). German reformer. Luthers room at Wartburg. Engraving by Hurel. The Religious Revolution, 1880. Colored

Jerome of Prague
JEROME OF PRAGUE Czech theologian and reformer Date: circa 1365 - 1416

Martin Luther by Lucas Cranach
Martin Luther (1483-1546) by Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472-1553), engraved by Theodor Knesing (1840-?). Date: 1884

IDA B. WELLS (1862-1931). American journalist and reformer: oil over a photograph, n. d
IDA B. WELLS (1862-1931). American journalist and reformer: oil over a photograph, n.d

SIR ROWLAND HILL (1795-1879). English postal authority and educator. Birthplace of Hill at Kidderminster, England. Engraving, English, 1890

LAURA ORMISTON CHANT (1848-1923). English reformer, suffragist and writer. Original cabinet photograph, Boston, 1893

JANE ADDAMS (1860-1935). American social worker and cofounder of Hull House in Chicago. U. S
JANE ADDAMS (1860-1935). American social worker and cofounder of Hull House in Chicago. U.S. commemorative postage stamp, 1940

George Cadbury
GEORGE CADBURY Industrialist and reformer

Kaspar Schwenkfeld
KASPAR SCHWENKFELD German Silesian Nobleman and Christian reformer who influenced Puritanism in England

Martin Luther, 1529, (c1930). Creator: Unknown
Martin Luther, 1529, (c1930). Portrait of German Protestant reformer Martin Luther (1483-1546) who was a major inspiration behind the Reformation

Jan Hus, C. 1369 To 1415 Aka John Huss. Czech Priest, Philosopher And Reformer
Jan Hus, C.1369 To 1415 Aka John Huss. Czech Priest, Philosopher And Reformer. From The Book Of Martyrs By John Foxe, Published C.1865

John Stuart Mill, 1873 (oil on canvas)
XJF407368 John Stuart Mill, 1873 (oil on canvas) by Watts, George Frederick (1817-1904); 66 x 53.3 cm; National Portrait Gallery, London

Armand Jean le Bouthillier de Rance, 1683 (engraving)
XJF406212 Armand Jean le Bouthillier de Rance, 1683 (engraving) by Schuppen, Pierre Louis van (1627-1702); Private Collection; (add.info)

Abbot Armand-Jean le Bouthillier de Rance (1626-1700) (oil on canvas)
XIR327030 Abbot Armand-Jean le Bouthillier de Rance (1626-1700) (oil on canvas) by Rigaud, Hyacinthe Francois (1659-1743); Abbaye de la Trappe (Soligny-la-Trappe)

JOHN HOWARD (c1726-1790). English prison reformer. Line engraving, late 18th century

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"Revolutionary Reformers: Pioneers of Change and Progress" From Martin Luther's courageous defense before Emperor Charles V to Florence Nightingale's tireless efforts in revolutionizing healthcare, history has been shaped by remarkable reformers who dared to challenge the status quo. These individuals, such as Mustapha Kemal Ataturk and Jonathan Edwards, left an indelible mark on society through their unwavering commitment to their ideals. Martin Luther, a German religious reformer, fearlessly stood before the Holy Roman Emperor at the Diet in Worms in 1521. This iconic moment captured in a 19th-century engraving showcases Luther's determination to defend his beliefs and spark a transformation within Christianity. Florence Nightingale, known as "The Lady With The Lamp, " brought about significant reforms in nursing during the mid-19th century. Her dedication and compassion towards patients led her to establish modern nursing practices that continue to shape healthcare today. Mustapha Kemal Ataturk danced with his adopted daughter while simultaneously leading Turkey through sweeping political and social reforms. As the founder of modern Turkey, he introduced secularism, women's rights, and educational reforms that transformed the nation into a progressive state. Jonathan Edwards played a pivotal role during America's Great Awakening movement with his powerful sermons that challenged traditional religious norms. His teachings sparked spiritual revival across colonial America and laid the foundation for future religious freedom. John Calvin was instrumental in shaping Protestant Reformation alongside Martin Luther. His influence extended beyond theology; he established Geneva as a model city-state where principles of democracy were implemented under strict moral codes. These reformers like St Bernard of Clairvaux or Saint John of Cross demonstrated immense courage by challenging societal norms prevalent during their time periods. Their contributions paved the way for progress not only within religion but also within various aspects of society including education systems, healthcare practices, political structures among others.