Pteridophytes Collection

Common horsetail spore, SEM
Common horsetail spore. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of a spore of a common horsetail (Equisetum arvense) plant

Spores of field horsetail
False colour scanning electron micrograph of spores of the field horsetail, Equisetum arvense. The horsetail is the only living type of a primitive family of plants, the Sphenopsids

Autumnal bracken {Pteridium aquilinum} backlit, Exmoor National Park, Somerset, UK. October

Scots pine forest extending up to natural tree line, with bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) in foreground, Rothiemurchus, Cairngorms NP, Scotland, UK, September 2011

Ferns, Moricsala Strict Nature Reserve, Moricsala Island, Lake Usma, Latvia, June 2009

Great horsetail (Equisetum telmateia) close-up of stem, Poloniny National Park, Western Carpathians, Eastern Slovakia, Europe, June 2009. WWE BOOK. WWE INDOOR EXHIBITION

Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) amongst Bluebells (Hyacinthoides non-scripta / Endymion non-scriptum) Hallerbos Belgium, April 2009

Female whinchat (Saxicola rubetra) perched on bracken frond, Denbighshire, Wales, UK, June

Recently burnt heathland, showing new Bracken growth (Pteridium aquilinum), Caesars Camp, Fleet, Hampshire, England, UK, May

Giant horsetail (Equisetum telmateia), Catcott Lows SWT reserve, Somerset Levels, England, UK, April. 2020VISION Book Plate

Male Fern (Dryopteris filix-mas) backlit among bluebell carpet. West Woods, near Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK, May

Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) fresh leaves unfurling in spring, Beinn Eighe NNR, Highlands, NW Scotland, UK, May

Frond pattern of tree ferns (Cyathea arborea) in lowland tropical rainforest at 420 metres, Loma Quita Espuela Scientific Reserve, Dominican Republic

Unravelling Fern fronds (Unknown species). Near Nepenthes Field Camp, mid-altitude montane forest. Centre of Maliau Basin, Sabahs Lost World, Borneo

Sporangia and spores of the male fern
Light micrograph of the sporangia (spore sacs) and spores of the male fern", Dryopteris filix-mas. The sporangia of Dryopteris are borne on the undersides of the leaf fronds in brown kidney

Harts tongue fern (Asplenium scolopendrium) San Marino, May 2009

Halerbach / Haupeschbach flowing between large moss covered rocks with Male ferns (Dryopteris filix mas) growing, Beaufort, Mullerthal, Luxembourg, May 2009

Ferns in a valley, Pollino National Park, Basilicata, Italy, May 2009

Harts tongue fern (Asplenium scolopendrium) growing between rocks, Burren National Park, County Clare, Ireland, June 2009

Black maidenhair fern (Adiantum capillus veneris) with water falling past, near Kravice falls, Trebizat River, Bosnia and Herzegovina, May 2009

Close-up of Fern frond with spiders webs on it, Dlouhy Dul, Ceske Svycarsko / Bohemian Switzerland National Park, Czech Republic, September 2008

Fern frond, Dlouhy Dul, Ceske Svycarsko / Bohemian Switzerland National Park, Czech Republic, September 2008

RF- Backlit Fern (Philotum) growing among bluebells (Endymion nonscriptus). Lanhydrock, Cornwall, UK. May

Picture No. 11074025
Marsh Clubmoss with fertile fronds on wet peat Studland, Dorset, UK

Hard Fern (Pellaea calomelanos) fronds, Royal Natal N. P. Drakensberg Mountains, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, November
Hard Fern (Pellaea calomelanos) fronds, Royal Natal N.P. Drakensberg Mountains, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, November

Hard Fern (Blechnum spicant) with fertile fronds, East Lyn River Valley, Exmoor N. P. Devon, England, October
Hard Fern (Blechnum spicant) with fertile fronds, East Lyn River Valley, Exmoor N.P. Devon, England, October

Rigid Buckler Fern (Dryopteris submontana) fronds, growing in limestone crevice, Maritime Alps, France, September

Hay-scented Buckler Fern (Dryopteris aemula) fronds, growing in woodland, East Lyn River Valley, Exmoor N. P
Hay-scented Buckler Fern (Dryopteris aemula) fronds, growing in woodland, East Lyn River Valley, Exmoor N.P. Devon, England, October

Intermediate Polypody (Polypodium interjectum) close-up of fertile frond, East Lyn River Valley, Exmoor N. P
Intermediate Polypody (Polypodium interjectum) close-up of fertile frond, East Lyn River Valley, Exmoor N.P. Devon, England, October

Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) close-up of frond, changing to autumn colour, Kent, England, October

Forked Spleenwort (Asplenium septentrionale) leaves, growing on acid rock, Spanish Pyrenees, Spain, June

Southern Polypody (Polypodium australe) fronds, growing on bank, Picos de Europa, Cantabrian Mountains, Spain, March

Blue Ground-cedar (Lycopodium tristachyum) growing in woodland, Adirondack Mountains, New York State, U. S. A. October
Blue Ground-cedar (Lycopodium tristachyum) growing in woodland, Adirondack Mountains, New York State, U.S.A. October

Wood Horsetail (Equisetum sylvaticum) fertile frond, Powys, Wales, June

Field Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) two fresh shoots, Blashford Lakes Nature Reserve, Avon Valley, New Forest N. P
Field Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) two fresh shoots, Blashford Lakes Nature Reserve, Avon Valley, New Forest N.P. Hampshire, England, March

Ostrich Fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris) fronds, in autumn colour, growing beside stream in forest habitat, Muonio, Lapland, Finland, September

Southern Maidenhair Fern (Adiantum capillus-veneris) growing at native site on wet tufa, Anstey Cove, Torbay, Devon, England, July

Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) mass growing on quartzite ridge and hill habitat, Stiperstones, Shropshire, England, August

Western Sword Fern (Polystichum munitum) fronds, growing in forest, Van Damme State Park, North California, U. S. A
Western Sword Fern (Polystichum munitum) fronds, growing in forest, Van Damme State Park, North California, U.S.A. February

Tunbridge Filmy Fern (Hymenophyllum tunbrigense) translucent fronds, Wakehurst Place, Sussex, England, February

Botany, Pteridophytes, Lycopods, Leaves and spores of the species of Lycopodium clavatum and Selaginella, illustration
Botany - Pteridophytes - Lycopods - Leaves and spores of the species of Lycopodium clavatum and Selaginella. Illustration

Fern (Salvinia sp. ) leaf hairs
Fern (Salvinia sp.) leaf hairs. Close-up of hair-like structures on the surface of a leaf from a floating fern (Salvinia sp.)

Keeled skimmer dragonfly. Female keeled skimmer (Orthetrum coerulescens) at rest on a bracken (Pteridium sp.) frond. Keeled skimmers are native to Europe

Ophioglossum vulgatum fern
Southern adders tongue (Ophioglossum vulgatum) fern. Photographed in Somerset, UK, in May

Polypody (Polypodium vulgare), artwork C016 / 3436
Common polypody (Polypodium vulgare), artwork

Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum), artwork C016 / 3425
Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum), artwork

Soft shield fern (Polystichum setiferum) C016 / 3402
Soft shield fern (Polystichum setiferum), artwork

Horsetail spore, SEM
Horsetail spore. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of a spore of a horsetail (Equisetum arvense) plant. Spores (round) bear elaters (helical)

LM of biogenic silica in horsetail
Light micrograph of a section of the horsetail Equisetum arvensis showing internal deposits of silica (the yellow features)

Sori on a fern leaf, Polystichum
Fern sori. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of two sectioned sori" (spore containing structures) on a leaf of the male fern Polystichum filix-mas

Auguste Francois Marie Glaziou (1828-1906)
Portrait of Auguste Francois Marie Glaziou, a French botanist from Brazil who specialised in Pteridophytes and Spermatophytes

Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) fronds in autumn colour, Greno Woods Reserve, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, October

Giant horsetail (Equisetum telmateia) growing in damp woodland, Wiltshire, England, United Kingdom, Europe

Male Fern (Dryopteris filix-mas) close-up of backlit frond, Brede High Woods, West Sussex, England, september

Royal Fern (Osmunda regalis) Sporangia which have split & scattered

Narrow Buckler Fern (Dryopteris carthusiana) fronds, growing beside tree stump at edge of reedbed, Little Ouse Headwaters Project, Hinderclay Fen, Hinderclay, Little Ouse Valley, Suffolk, England

Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) close-up of fronds in autumn colour, Powys, Wales, november

Hart s-tongue Fern (Phyllitis scolopendrium) fronds, growing in crevice of graffiti covered wall in city centre, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, may

Giant Horsetail (Equisetum telmateia) patch growing on pebbles at edge of beach, Bembridge, Isle of Wight, England, june

Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) growing in valley fen reserve habitat, Market Weston Fen, Market Weston, Little Ouse Valley, Suffolk, England, june

Adderstongue Fern (Ophioglossum vulgatum) growing in grassland, Switzerland, june

Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) mass growing beside track in forest habitat, Dunwich Forest, Suffolk, England, july

Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) snow covered fronds, amongst Common Alder (Alnus glutinosa) trunks in woodland habitat, at edge of river valley fen, Redgrave and Lopham Fen N.N.R

Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) fronds, undergrowth in woodland, Oulton, Cheshire, England, october

Fern (Pteridophyta sp. ) growing on rusty metal sheets on canal side, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, november
Fern (Pteridophyta sp.) growing on rusty metal sheets on canal side, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, november

Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) with Common Heather (Calluna vulgaris) flowering, growing on lowland heathland habitat at dawn, Hothfield Heathlands, Kent, England, august

Field Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) close-up of fertile cones, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, may

Fractal fern, computer artwork
Fractal Fern. Computer graphic image of a fern. This has been coloured using mathematical operations similar to those found in fractal geometry

Harts tongue fern unfurling
Harts tongue fern (Phyllitis scolopendrium) unfurling. Photographed in Dorset, UK, in May

Plant group specimens, artwork
Plant group specimens. Preserved specimens of four plant groups

Fern frond, light micrograph. Transverse section through the frond of a fern (Cyrtomium falcatum), showing the sporangia. At left is a central vascular bundle (meristele)

Ferns in a limestone pavement
Ferns growing in a gryke (crevice) in a limestone pavement. Photographed in Gait Barrows National Nature Reserve, Cumbria, England

Fern (Dryopteris submontana)
Rigid buckler fern (Dryopteris submontana) growing on a limestone pavement. This fern, which is rare in the UK, is also known as Dryopteris villarii montana. Photographed in Cumbria, England

Fern plant reproduction, light micrograph. At bottom, the double kidney-shaped gametophyte (prothallus) plant has anchored itself with root-like rhizoids (central black area)

Fern stem, light micrograph. Transverse section through a rachis (stem) of the bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum). Under the outer epidermis (black) is a thin cortex (deep red)

Horsetail cone, light micrograph. Longitudinal section through a young cone (strobilus) of the rough horsetail (Equisetum hyemale)

Fern (Phyllitis scolopendrium)
Hart s-tongue fern (Phyllitis scolopendrium) growing in a gryke (crevice) in a limestone pavement. Photographed in Cumbria, England

Woodland undergrowth, including oak fern (Gymnocarpium dryopteris), may lily (Maianthemum bifolium) and western cordilleran bunchberry (Cornus unalaschkensis, white flowers)

Horsetail stem, light micrograph. Transverse section through the stem of the common horsetail (Equisetum arvensis). The stem consists of an outer epidermis and an outer cortex of sclerenchyma cells

Fern rhizome, light micrograph. Transverse section through the center of a rhizome from the Killarney fern (Trichomanes speciosum)

Fern spore capsule, light micrograph
Fern spore capsule, polarised light micrograph. Transverse section through the spororocarp (spore capsule) of the water fern pillwort (Pilularia globulifera)

Marsh clubmoss (Lycopodiella inundata), growing in a sphagnum bog. Photographed in Purbeck, Dorset, England

Jersey fern (Anogramma leptophylla). Photographed in Crete

Northern maidenhair fern (Adiantum pedatum) growing next to moss-covered rocks in a temperate rainforest. This fern is native to North America

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Pteridophytes, the ancient wonders of the plant kingdom, never cease to amaze us with their unique features and captivating beauty. From the microscopic view of common horsetail spores under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to the delicate spores of field horsetail, these plants hold secrets waiting to be discovered. In a Scots pine forest that stretches up to the natural tree line, bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) gracefully spreads its fronds, adding a touch of elegance to nature's canvas. The great horsetail (Equisetum telmateia), found in Poloniny National Park within Western Carpathians, reveals its intricate stem structure when observed up close. Nature's harmony unfolds as a female whinchat perches on a bracken frond in Denbighshire, Wales. Meanwhile, recently burnt heathland showcases new growth of Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) at Caesars Camp - an inspiring testament to resilience and regeneration. Giant horsetails stand tall in Catcott Lows SWT reserve within Somerset Levels. Their presence commands attention as they remind us of prehistoric times when dinosaurs roamed this Earth. The male fern (Dryopteris filix-mas), backlit among bluebell carpets in West Woods near Marlborough, creates an enchanting scene straight out of a fairy tale. And as spring arrives at Beinn Eighe NNR in Highlands, fresh leaves unfurl from bracken plants - signaling renewal and vitality. Venturing into lowland tropical rainforests at 420 meters above sea level unveils the mesmerizing frond pattern of tree ferns (Cyathea arborea). Each leaflet intricately weaves together like nature's own masterpiece. Finally, unravelling fern fronds captivate our imagination near Nepenthes Field Camp, their species unknown but their allure undeniable.