Phlegmatic Collection

Four Temperaments 16C
THE FOUR TEMPERAMENTS - phlegmatic - sanguine - melancholic - choleric

The four humours, 16th century artwork
The four humours, coloured historical artwork. Here, the head of Christ is surrounded by four male figures, who are personifications of the four humours

The Four Temperaments
5310124 The Four Temperaments; (add.info.: Woodblock engraving depicting the Four Temperaments: Choleric (with lion), Sanguine (with ape), Phlegmatic (with sheep), and Melancholy (with hog)

Luna
3740666 Luna; (add.info.: Medieval engraving titled 'Luna'. The Moon was considered to be a female planet, and that those born under the Moon loved geometry and related arts)

The Shepherds Kalendar
5310206 The Shepherds Kalendar; (add.info.: Woodblock engraving from the Shepherds Kalendar - The moon was considered to be a female planet, moist and cold)

The Four Humours with their representative animals. Choleric, with lion: Sanguine, with ape: Phlegmatic
527501 The Four Humours with their representative animals. Choleric, with lion: Sanguine, with ape: Phlegmatic, with sheep: Melancholic, with pig

Luna
3740665 Luna; (add.info.: Medieval engraving titled 'Luna'. The Moon was considered to be a female planet, and that those born under the Moon loved geometry and related arts)

Water (Phlegmaticus), from The Four Temperaments, 1596-97 Creator: Zacharias Dolendo
Water (Phlegmaticus), from The Four Temperaments, 1596-97

The Four Humours, from Quinta Essentia by Leonhart Thurneisser zun Thurn
CHT237294 The Four Humours, from Quinta Essentia by Leonhart Thurneisser zun Thurn (1531-95/6) published in Leipzig, 1574 (engraving) (b/w photo) by German School

Philosophia, 1502 (1906). Artist: Albrecht Durer
Philosophia, 1502 (1906). From Durer Des Meisters Gemalde Kupferstiche und Holzschnitte in 471 Abbildungen [Stuttgart und Leipzig, Deutsch Verlags-Ansalt, 1906]

The four humours, diagram
The four humours. Diagram showing the relationship between the four humours, basic qualities of the body and its diseases, and nature and the seasons

Four Humors with their animals
The Four Humors with their representative animals. Choleric, with lion: Sanguine, with ape: Phlegmatic, with sheep: Melancholic, with pig

Four Temperaments
THE FOUR TEMPERAMENTS - phlegmatic - sanguine - melancholic - choleric

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"Exploring the Phlegmatic: Unveiling the Water Element in Four Temperaments Artwork" Intriguingly depicted in various artworks from the 16th century, the phlegmatic temperament takes center stage. Represented by water, this aspect of the Four Temperaments theory captivates viewers with its enigmatic nature. One such artwork is "Water (Phlegmaticus), from The Four Temperaments, " created by Zacharias Dolendo in 1596-97. This piece beautifully portrays the essence individuals through flowing streams and tranquil pools, symbolizing their calm and composed demeanor. Leonhart Thurneisser zun Thurn's "The Four Humours" further delves into this concept. With intricate illustrations, it unveils how phlegm influences one's disposition and bodily functions within the framework of humoral theory. Albrecht Durer's masterpiece "Philosophia" also contributes to our understanding personalities. Amongst a group representing all four temperaments, a serene figure emerges as an embodiment of tranquility – a true representation of those influenced by water. Hans Sebold Beham's print series executed in 1531 showcases Luna, often associated with phlegm due to its feminine qualities. This portrayal emphasizes how gender was intertwined with temperamental theories during that era. "The four humours" diagram provides visual clarity on how each temperament relates to specific bodily fluids and their corresponding animals. Here we see that phlegm aligns with coldness and moisture - characteristics attributed to water elements throughout history. Through these captivating depictions, we gain insight into how artists interpreted and conveyed the complexities of human temperament during this period. These artistic representations serve as windows into a time when understanding personality traits was intricately linked to ancient medical beliefs.