Philosophy Collection

The Orrery by Joseph Wright (1734-1797). This artwork was painted in 1766. Its full title is A Philospher giving a Lecture on the Orrery in which a Lamp is put in place of the Sun

Ludwig Wittgenstein, caricature
Ludwig Wittgenstein. Caricature of the Austrian-British philosopher Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein (1889-1951). Wittgenstein is considered by many to be the greatest philosopher of the 20th

Science Allegorised
Philosophy enthroned, surrounded by the sciences - Grammar, Rhetoric, Linguistics, Music, Arithmetic, Geometry and Astronomy, with Socrates and Plato and scholars writing

Immanuel Kant, caricature
Immanuel Kant. Caricature of the German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). Kant published various influential philosophical works on the natural sciences, particularly geophysics and astronomy

David Hume, caricature
David Hume. Caricature of the British philosopher and historian David Hume (1711-1776). Hume influenced the development of scepticism and empiricism

Jean-Paul Sartre, French writer and philosopher
A graffiti comment on Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980), the French writer and philosopher -- no doubt a witty reference to his existentialist philosophy

Portrait of Karl Marx (1818-1893) (b / w photo)
XJF105750 Portrait of Karl Marx (1818-1893) (b/w photo) by English Photographer, (19th century); Private Collection; English, out of copyright

Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, theologian and occultist

The Airpump by Joseph Wright
The Air Pump by Joseph Wright (1734-1797). This artwork was painted in 1768. Its full title is An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump

Helena Blavatsky, Russian author and founder of Theosophy, 1889. Helena Blavatsky, Russian author and founder of Theosophy, 1889

Septentrionalium Terrarum descriptio, 1595, by Gerardus Merc
Gerardus Mercator (1512-1594). Flemish cartographer. Septentrionalium Terrarum descriptio. Map of the Arctic with the North Pole and surrounding lands within and outside the Arctic Circle, 1595

Ramon Llull (1235-1316). Breviculum Codex. Miniature. Baden
Ramon Llull (1235-1316). Breviculum Codex. Miniature. Llull preaching. Parchment 92. Page 5r. Baden Memorial Library. Karlsruhe. Germany

Iris Murdoch
Anglo-Irish prize winning novelist, playwright and philosopher, Iris Murdoch (1919 - 1999). (Photo by Evening Standard/Getty Images)

Aristotle with a Bust of Homer, 1653. Creator: Rembrandt Harmensz van Rijn
Aristotle with a Bust of Homer, 1653

Statue of Pythagoras (Greek philosopher and mathematician), Pythagorion, Samos, Aegean Islands, Greece

George Berkeley, Irish philosopher
George Berkeley (1685-1753), Irish philosopher and Bishop of Cloyne (appointed 1734). Berkeley is famous for his philosophical theory concerning the perception of sensations and ideas

Socrates, caricature
Socrates. Caricature of the Ancient Greek philosopher Socrates (c.470-399 BC). Socrates is credited with introducing a new and critical attitude in philosophy and science

Aristotle and Plato: detail of School of Athens, 1510-11 (fresco) (detail of 472)
PHD70599 Aristotle and Plato: detail of School of Athens, 1510-11 (fresco) (detail of 472) by Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio of Urbino) (1483-1520); Vatican Museums and Galleries, Vatican City; Italian

Duns Scotus (1266-1308). Philosopher-theologians. Scriptum q
Duns Scotus (1266-1308). Philosopher-theologians of the High Middle Ages. Scholasticism school. Scriptum quartum a Joanne Duns Scoto super quarto sententiarum editum. Edit, 1517

Socrates (c 469399 BC). Classical Greek Athenian philosophe
Socrates (c.469-399 BC). Classical Greek Athenian philosopher. Bust. Found at Piazza Venezia. 1st. century. Pentelic marble. Palazzo Massimo. National Roman Museum. Rome. Italy

John Venn, caricature C013 / 7595
John Venn (1834-1923). Caricature of the British logician and philosopher John Venn. Venn is best known for introducing the Venn diagram, which is used in many fields, including set theory

Plato, Ancient Greek philosopher
Plato (427-347 BC), Ancient Greek philosopher. Platos spirit of rational inquiry led to todays scientific method. His writings shaped and continue to have a profound influence on Western thought

Baruch Spinoza, caricature
Baruch Spinoza. Caricature of the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677). Spinoza is considered to be one of Western philosophys most important philosophers

Plato, caricature
Plato. Caricature of the Ancient Greek philosopher Plato (427-347 BC). Platos spirit of rational inquiry led to todays scientific method

ALEXANDER & ARISTOTLE. Aristotle (384-322 B. C. ) tutoring Alexander the Great (356-323 B. C. ), c342-335 B. C
ALEXANDER & ARISTOTLE. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) tutoring Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.), c342-335 B.C. After a painting, c1895, by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris

ARISTOTLE & ALEXANDER. Aristotle (384-322 B. C) tutoring Alexander the Great (356-323 B. C. ), c340 B. C
ARISTOTLE & ALEXANDER. Aristotle (384-322 B.C) tutoring Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.), c340 B.C. Engraving, 19th century

Multiple universes. Conceptual computer artwork of many Earths, representing the many worlds quantum theory. This theory is an attempt to explain the fundamental uncertainty of quantum theory

Aristotle as depicted by Raphael in The School of Athens. Athenian philosopher and logician, he studied under Plato in Athens

Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, theologian and occultist

Rene Descartes, French mathematician
Rene Descartes (1596-1650), French mathematician and philosopher, also known as Renatus Cartesius. Descartes most important scientific works were in mathematics

Gottfried von Leibniz, German mathematician and philosopher
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, German mathematician and philosopher

Seated Voltaire (image 4 of 6), between c.1779 and c.1795. Creator: Jean-Antoine Houdon
Seated Voltaire (image 4 of 6), between c.1779 and c.1795

Isaac Newton - English physicist, astronomer, mathematician
Isaac Newton (1642-1727). English physicist, astronomer and mathematician. Opuscula Mathematica, Philosophica et Philologica. Volume I: Mathematica

Philosophy, self-portrait by Italian artist Salvator Rosa (oil painting)
7172079 Philosophy, self-portrait by Italian artist Salvator Rosa (oil painting) by Rosa, Salvator (1615-73) (after); Private Collection; (add.info.: Philosophy)

portrait of Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher. German philosopher and theologian
XEE4414107 portrait of Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher. German philosopher and theologian (b at Breslau, 1768 in Berlin, 1834)

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (engraving) (b / w photo)
XJF366956 Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (engraving) (b/w photo) by French School, (18th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) German philosopher

Epictete - EPICTETUS Greek Stoic philosopher
GIA4725671 Epictete - EPICTETUS Greek Stoic philosopher by Unknown Artist, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info)

Utopiae Insulae Figura (Map of the New Island of Utopia
5615728 Utopiae Insulae Figura (Map of the New Island of Utopia) from the 1516 first edition of Utopia by Sir Thomas More (1478-1535)

Lao-Tzu, Chinese philosopher and sage. Born in c604 BC Lao Tzu was the Father of Taoism

Epicurus (341-270 BC). Ancient Greek philosopher. Bust. Roman copy. 3rd-2nd century. British Museum. London. England

Friedrich Nietzsche, caricature
Friedrich Nietzsche. Caricature of the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900). Nietzsche devised a new system of values to account for the advances in biology and psychology

Discussions in ancient Athens, circa 400 BC
Citizens of Athens engaged in discussions during the time of Pericles, 5th century BC. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

Bronze Portrait Head of Philosopher, found in sea of Antikythera, circa late 3rd century BC. Probably Bion of Borysthenes, a cynic in 4th century BC

Title-page of Thomas Paines pamphlet Common Sense, which urged Americans to declare their independence from Great
PAINE: COMMON SENSE, 1776. Title-page of Thomas Paines pamphlet Common Sense, which urged Americans to declare their independence from Great Britain

Medieval university hierarchy
Degrees of university teaching, topped by theology, 1508. Hand-colored 19th-century woodcut reproduction of an earlier illustration

Rene Descartes, French mathematician and philosopher. His most famous philosophical statement was: I think, therefore I am

Zhuang Zhou, aka Zhuangzi or Chuang Tzu, c. 369 - c. 286 BC. Chinese philosopher

Natural and Moral Philosophy diagram, from The Gentlemans Recreation
483354 Natural and Moral Philosophy diagram, from The Gentlemans Recreation published by Richard Blome, 1686 (engraving) by English School

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"Exploring the Depths of Thought: Unveiling the Essence of Philosophy" In Joseph Wright's captivating masterpiece, "The Orrery, " we witness a profound representation of philosophy's essence. Just as the celestial bodies revolve around the sun, so too does philosophy orbit around our quest for knowledge and understanding. Ludwig Wittgenstein, depicted in a caricature, stands as a towering figure in philosophical discourse. His words echo through time, challenging us to question language and its limits. In his pursuit of clarity, he unraveled intricate webs woven by human communication. "The Airpump, " another work by Joseph Wright, captures an intimate moment where science meets philosophy. As air is extracted from the chamber, it symbolizes our relentless curiosity to uncover truth and unravel mysteries that lie beyond our immediate perception. Jean-Paul Sartre emerges as a prominent French writer and philosopher who delved into existentialism—a school of thought that explores individual freedom and responsibility. Through his works like "Being and Nothingness, " he invites us to confront life's absurdities with courage and authenticity. "Iris Murdoch, " an influential philosopher herself, emphasized moral integrity amidst chaos. Her writings remind us that true happiness lies not in self-indulgence but rather in transcending egoistic desires through love and compassion for others. David Hume's caricature reminds us of his skepticism towards reason itself—urging us to critically examine our beliefs before accepting them blindly. He challenged traditional notions about causality while advocating for empirical evidence as the foundation for knowledge acquisition. Helena Blavatsky founded Theosophy—an esoteric belief system blending Eastern mysticism with Western philosophies—in her quest to unveil hidden truths about existence beyond conventional boundaries. Karl Marx's portrait serves as a reminder of his revolutionary ideas on social justice and class struggle—the foundations upon which Marxism was built—a philosophy striving for equality among all individuals within society.