Palaeoanthropological Collection

Olduvai Gorge landscape, Tanzania C015 / 6429
Olduvai Gorge landscape, Tanzania. This gorge (also called Oldupai Gorge) is famous for the fossils discovered here of extinct hominins that form part of the human evolutionary tree

Red Lady of Paviland femur C016 / 5028
Red Lady of Paviland femur. This fossil femur, stained red with ochre, is part of a human fossil skeleton (Homo sapiens) known as the Red Lady of Paviland (Paviland 1)

Homo heidelbergensis skull (Cranium 5) C015 / 6921
Homo heidelbergensis skull (Cranium 5). Excavated in 1992 from the Sima de los Huesos pit in the Atapuerca foothills in Spain, this fossil skull dates from around 400, 000 years ago

Neolithic flint arrowheads C014 / 1033
Neolithic flint arrowheads. Stone-age flint arrowheads dating from around 8, 000 to 10, 000 years ago. These specimens were found in Mauritania, West Africa

Bronze Age tools and utensils, artwork C016 / 8289
Bronze Age tools and utensils. Artwork of humans producing tools and utensils in Bronze Age Europe. Shown here is the making of earthenware pottery, the milling of cereal grains

Australopithecus africanus pelvis, STS-14 C015 / 6919
Australopithecus africanus pelvis (STS-14). This fossil specimen was discovered in 1947, in Sterkfontein, South Africa. The entire specimen consists of the pelvis, part of the vertebral column

Australopithecus africanus skull (STS-5) C015 / 6916
Australopithecus africanus skull. This is specimen STS-5, also known as Mrs Ples. It dates from around 2 million years ago and was discovered in Sterkfontein, South Africa, in 1947

Sima de los Huesos fossils C015 / 6587
Sima de los Huesos fossils. Researchers with a display of fossil bones of Homo heidelbergensis from the Sima de los Huesos (Pit of Bones) site, Sierra de Atapuerca, Spain

Ivory and bone tools, Upper Palaeolithic C016 / 5026
Ivory and bone tools, Upper Palaeolithic. These items date from between 18, 000 and 30, 000 years ago. From upper left to lower right they are

Neolithic flint arrowheads C014 / 1034
Neolithic flint arrowheads. Stone-age flint arrowheads dating from around 8, 000 to 10, 000 years ago. These specimens were found in Mauritania, West Africa

Neolithic flint arrowheads C014 / 1032
Neolithic flint arrowheads. Stone-age flint arrowheads dating from around 8, 000 to 10, 000 years ago. These specimens were found in Mauritania, West Africa

Stone-age flint fragments C014 / 1020
Stone-age flint fragments. Pile of neolithic (new stone-age) flint fragments discarded during the forming of flint tools. These fragments date from around 8, 000 to 10

Neolithic flint arrowheads C014 / 1030
Neolithic flint arrowheads. Stone-age flint arrowheads dating from around 8, 000 to 10, 000 years ago. These specimens were found in Mauritania, West Africa

Neolithic flint arrowhead C014 / 1023
Neolithic flint arrowhead. Stone-age flint arrowhead dating from around 8, 000 to 10, 000 years ago. This specimen was found in Mauritania, West Africa

Neolithic flint arrowhead C014 / 1022
Neolithic flint arrowhead. Stone-age flint arrowhead dating from around 8, 000 to 10, 000 years ago. This specimen was found in Mauritania, West Africa

Neolithic flint arrowhead C014 / 1025
Neolithic flint arrowhead. Stone-age flint arrowhead dating from around 8, 000 to 10, 000 years ago. This specimen was found in Mauritania, West Africa

Prehistoric flint tools C014 / 1014
Prehistoric flint tools. Selection of flint tools found in Mauritania, West Africa, dating to 8, 000 to 10, 000 years ago

Neolithic flint arrowhead C014 / 1024
Neolithic flint arrowhead. Stone-age flint arrowhead dating from around 8, 000 to 10, 000 years ago. This specimen was found in Mauritania, West Africa

Neolithic flint arrowheads C014 / 1031
Neolithic flint arrowheads. Stone-age flint arrowheads dating from around 8, 000 to 10, 000 years ago. These specimens were found in Mauritania, West Africa

Neolithic flint arrowheads C014 / 1029
Neolithic flint arrowheads. Stone-age flint arrowheads dating from around 8, 000 to 10, 000 years ago. These specimens were found in Mauritania, West Africa

Neolithic flint arrowheads C014 / 1036
Neolithic flint arrowheads. Stone-age flint arrowheads dating from around 8, 000 to 10, 000 years ago. These specimens were found in Mauritania, West Africa

Neolithic flint arrowhead C014 / 1027
Neolithic flint arrowhead. Stone-age flint arrowhead dating from around 8, 000 to 10, 000 years ago. This specimen was found in Mauritania, West Africa

Neolithic flint arrowheads C014 / 1035
Neolithic flint arrowheads. Stone-age flint arrowheads dating from around 8, 000 to 10, 000 years ago. These specimens were found in Mauritania, West Africa

Neolithic flint arrowhead C014 / 1021
Neolithic flint arrowhead. Stone-age flint arrowhead dating from around 8, 000 to 10, 000 years ago. This specimen was found in Mauritania, West Africa

Neolithic flint arrowhead C014 / 1028
Neolithic flint arrowhead. Stone-age flint arrowhead dating from around 8, 000 to 10, 000 years ago. This specimen was found in Mauritania, West Africa

Neolithic flint arrowhead C014 / 1026
Neolithic flint arrowhead. Stone-age flint arrowhead dating from around 8, 000 to 10, 000 years ago. This specimen was found in Mauritania, West Africa

Palaeolithic dancing, artwork C016 / 8303
Palaeolithic dancing. Artwork of humans in palaeolithic (Stone Age) Europe dancing to sea-shell rattles. Teeth and bones are being used in necklaces and leg ornaments

Palaeolithic stone tool use, artwork C016 / 8301
Palaeolithic stone tool use. Artwork of a human in palaeolithic (Stone Age) Europe using a stone tool to break open a pine cone for its edible seeds (kernels)

Palaeolithic cave dwellers, artwork C016 / 8300
Palaeolithic cave dwellers. Artwork of a hunter in palaeolithic (Stone Age) Europe carrying a spear and being greeted by a boy on his return to a cave. Mammoth tusks are at left

Palaeolithic drumming, artwork C016 / 8298
Palaeolithic drumming. Artwork of humans in palaeolithic (Stone Age) Europe using a dead branch and hollow log to produce a drumming noise, an early form of music

Palaeolithic plant gathering, artwork C016 / 8299
Palaeolithic plant gathering. Artwork of humans in palaeolithic (Stone Age) Europe, with a woman gathering flowering plants, and a man gathering wood for a fire

Palaeolithic human culture, artwork C016 / 8287
Palaeolithic human culture. Artwork of humans living in social and family groups in a cave in palaeolithic (Stone Age) Europe

Palaeolithic food gathering, artwork C016 / 8286
Palaeolithic food gathering. Artwork of humans gathering, scavenging and looking for food in palaeolithic (Stone Age) Europe

Palaeolithic humans and bears, artwork C016 / 8284
Palaeolithic humans and bears. Artwork of humans using fire to scare a prehistoric species of bear from a cave in palaeolithic (Stone Age) Europe

Palaeolithic human culture, artwork C016 / 8280
Palaeolithic human culture. Artwork of humans living in and around a cave in palaeolithic (Stone Age) Europe. Activities shown include dancing, hunting, playing, gathering food, and tending a fire

Palaeolithic elephant hunting, artwork C016 / 8283
Palaeolithic elephant hunting. Artwork of humans hunting a prehistoric species of elephant in palaeolithic (Stone Age) Europe

Palaeolithic goat hunting, artwork C016 / 8282
Palaeolithic goat hunting, artwork. Artwork of humans hunting mountain goats in palaeolithic (Stone Age) Europe. The goat is pushed off a cliff (upper left) and then cut up for its meat, skin

Palaeolithic horse hunting, artwork C016 / 8281
Palaeolithic horse hunting. Artwork of humans hunting horses in palaeolithic (Stone Age) Europe. Horses would later be tamed by humans, but were also hunted for their meat, skin, sinews and bones

Paranthropus robustus and leopard jaw C015 / 6933
Paranthropus robustus skull (SK-54) and leopard jaw (SK-349). These fossils date from around 1.5 million years ago. SK-54 is the skull-cap from a child australopithecine, found in 1949 in Swartkrans

Paranthropus aethiopicus (KNM-WT 17000) C015 / 6932
Paranthropus aethiopicus skull (KNM-WT 17000). This extinct species, a very early part of the human evolutionary tree, is also known as Australopithecus aethiopicus

Homo rudolfensis skull (KNM-ER 1470) C015 / 6930
Homo rudolfensis skull (KNM-ER 1470). This fossil specimen dates from around 1.9 million years ago, and was discovered in 1972 in Koobi Fora, on the eastern shore of Lake Turkana, Kenya

Homo ergaster skull (KNM-ER 3733) C015 / 6927
Homo ergaster skull (KNM-ER 3733). This fossil specimen dates from around 1.8 million years ago, and was discovered in 1975 in Koobi Fora, on the eastern shore of Lake Turkana, Kenya

Homo ergaster skull (SK-847 and SK-15) C015 / 6928
Homo ergaster skull. This skull consists of two fossils: SK-847 (main) and SK-15 (lower jaw). The fossils are those of an extinct species that forms an early part of the human evolutionary tree

Homo heidelbergensis skull, Broken Hill 1 C015 / 6924
Homo heidelbergensis skull. This is the Broken Hill 1 (Kabwe 1) fossil skull, originally classified as Homo rhodesiensis (Rhodesian Man)

Homo heidelbergensis vertebra C015 / 6799
Homo heidelbergensis vertebra. This fossil vertebra was excavated from the Sima de los Huesos pit in the Atapuerca foothills in Spain

Australopithecus africanus skull (STS-71) C015 / 6798
Australopithecus africanus skull. This skull consists of two fossils: STS-71 and STS-36. STS-71 is the upper specimen, discovered in 1947, in Sterkfontein, South Africa

Prehistoric rib bone C015 / 6754
Prehistoric rib bone. This rib bone was found at the TD-6 level in the Gran Dolina cave in the Sierra de Atapuerca foothills near Burgos, Spain

Homo habilis upper jaw (OH 65) C015 / 6686
Homo habilis upper jaw (maxilla) and teeth. This fossil specimen (named OH 65) was found in 1995 at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania. It dates to around 1.8 million years ago

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"Unveiling the Ancient Secrets: A Journey through Palaeoanthropological Discoveries" Step into the captivating world of palaeoanthropology as we explore remarkable hints that shed light on our ancient origins. The Olduvai Gorge landscape in Tanzania (C015 / 6429) serves as a time capsule, preserving invaluable evidence of early human existence. Among these clues is the enigmatic Red Lady of Paviland femur (C016 / 5028), challenging conventional notions with its unexpected gender attribution. Meanwhile, Homo heidelbergensis skull (Cranium 5) (C015 / 6921) offers insights into our evolutionary path, showcasing distinct features that bridge the gap between archaic and modern humans. Delving deeper, we encounter the Australopithecus africanus pelvis from STS-14 (C015 / 6919), providing glimpses into our ancestors' locomotion and reproductive strategies. Ivory and bone tools from the Upper Palaeolithic era (C016 / 5026) reveal early human ingenuity and resourcefulness. Transitioning to later periods, Neolithic flint arrowheads emerge as crucial artifacts in understanding technological advancements. Their presence - be it C014/1034, C014/1032, or C014/1030 - signifies humanity's mastery over stone-age weaponry for hunting and defense purposes. Moreover, scattered stone-age flint fragments (C014 /1020) offer tantalizing fragments of prehistoric life while individual Neolithic flint arrowheads like C014/1023, C014/1022, and C014/1025 provide intricate details about craftsmanship during this transformative period. These palaeoanthropological treasures unlock doors to an ancient past long forgotten but forever imprinted within these remnants. Join us on this enthralling journey where science unravels mysteries buried beneath layers of time – revealing extraordinary tales of human evolution and the ingenuity that shaped our species.