Optics Collection

Light refraction
Refraction. Computer artwork of white light being refracted as it passes through an equilateral triangular prism. Light changes direction, or is refracted

Colour wheel. A colour wheel is a representation of the primary, secondary and tertiary colours. This colour wheel is based on blue, red and yellow (primary colours)

1689 Sir Isaac Newton portrait young
Sir Isaac Newton ( 4 January 1643 -31 March 1727). English physicist and mathematician. 18th Century Mezzotint portrait after the painting by Sir Godfrey Kneller 1689, with later colouring

Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, theologian and occultist

PSCI2A-00011
Isaac Newton using a prism to analyze the colors in a ray of light. Hand-colored engraving of a 19th-century illustration

University of Oxford. College of the University and Queens College. Illustration in Vues d Optique (Perspective Views). Images to be seen through a zograscope

Newtons Opticks with colour Spectrum
Opticks by the English physicist and mathematician Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727), published in 1704 with a colour spectrum produced by a prism projected across the title page

Double rainbow over a lake surrounded by trees

Newtons telescope, historical artwork
Newtons telescope. Historical reproduction of a sketch by Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727) of a reflecting telescope and its components

Leonhard Euler, Swiss mathematician and physicist

Ezekiels vision of chariot in sky and a hand in the clouds holding out a book to him, c.614 BC. Bible: Ezekiel II:9. One modern explanation is that Ezekiel, on of the four great Hebrew prophets

Descartes optics theory, 17th century
Descartes optics theory, artwork. This is the eye diagram from Descartes book Optics (1637). Three external points are shown depicted on the retina at the back of the eye

Sir Isaac Newton, English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, theologian and occultist

Letter from Sir Issac Newton to William Briggs, 20th June 1682. Artist: Isaac Newton
Letter from Sir Issac Newton to William Briggs, 20th June 1682. Letter written from Trinity College, Cambridge by Newton to William Briggs, MD

George Calver, English instrument maker
George Calver (1834-1927) English scientific instrument maker. Calvers interest in astronomy began in childhood when his local clergyman showed him a reflecting telescope

Illustration of Isaac Newtons prism experiment, showing white sunlight split by a prism into the co

Letter fom Albert Einstein to American astronomer George Ellery Hale, written in Zurich, Switzerland, 14 October 1913
EINSTEIN: LETTER, 1913. Letter fom Albert Einstein to American astronomer George Ellery Hale, written in Zurich, Switzerland, 14 October 1913

Isaac Newton, caricature C013 / 7593
Isaac Newton (1642-1727). Caricature of the English physicist, mathematician and alchemist Sir Isaac Newton, holding a rainbow

Pierre de Fermat, caricature C015 / 6714
Pierre de Fermat, caricature

Fresnel Lens DP348540
The Lighthouse, Lighthouse Road, Flamborough Head, Flamborough, East Riding of Yorkshire, East Riding of Yorkshire. Detail of shaped glass on the lighthouse's first-order Fresnel lens

Illustration of eye seeing through microscope

Issac Newton, English physicist
Isaac Newton. Engraving of the English physicist, mathematician and alchemist Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727). As a mathematician Newton discovered the binomial theorem and developed differential

Optical fibres. Bundle of optical fibres conducting light. These fibres are made of very pure glass which is coated so as to allow light to be transmitted without absorption or loss of intensity

Soap bubbles merging

Molecular orbitals. Computer model of a mixture of molecular orbitals. The electrons in molecules can be arranged in different patterns, giving rise to different energies

ARAB EYE TREATISE. Page from a 13th century Arabic manuscript of Hunayns Treatise on the Eye

Issac Newton and the apple, artwork
Issac Newton and the apple, computer artwork

Magnifying glass. The glass lens is polished to an exact shape to produce a clear image. It magnifies the view of an object because the shape of the lens is convex

Double rainbow over a town amid trees

Interference pattern of oil on water
Interference pattern of colours caused by light reflected off a thin film of oil floating on water. The effect seen here is a result of decomposing organic matter leaving behind oily residues in a

Title page of Kirchers Ars magna, 1646
Title page of Ars magna lucis et umbrae (Great Art of Light and Shadow) by Athanasius Kircher, published at Rome in 1646. Light rays are seen reflecting from mirrors to illuminate in different ways

Sunset. Sun setting behind clouds

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"Exploring the World of Optics: From Newton to Euler" Step back in time with a portrait of a young Sir Isaac Newton, the brilliant English mathematician who revolutionized our understanding of optics. His groundbreaking work on light and color can be traced back to his famous "Colour wheel, " depicted in PSCI2A-00011. Newton's affiliation with the University of Oxford's College further highlights his intellectual prowess. It was here that he delved into his masterpiece, "Newtons Opticks, " which unveiled the mesmerizing beauty of the color spectrum through prisms. In awe-inspiring historical artwork, we witness Newton gazing at celestial wonders through his telescope. This instrument allowed him to unravel mysteries hidden within nature's tapestry and paved the way for future discoveries by visionaries like Leonhard Euler, a Swiss mathematician who built upon Newton's foundations. The 17th-century theories proposed by Descartes on it also come into play as we delve deeper into this captivating field. These ideas challenged traditional beliefs and laid down new paths for exploration. Nature itself provides us with breathtaking displays, such as a double rainbow over a serene lake. Understanding how light interacts with water droplets allows us to appreciate these optical phenomena even more deeply. Returning once again to Sir Isaac Newton, we marvel at another aspect crucial to optics—the retina. This intricate structure within our eyes captures and processes incoming light signals, enabling us to perceive colors and shapes in all their glory. From ancient times until today, humanity has been captivated by optics—a realm where science meets artistry. Join us on this journey as we uncover its secrets and celebrate those remarkable minds who have shaped our perception of the world around us.