Hominini Collection

Sensory homunculus
This model shows what a mans body would look like if each part grew in proportion to the area of the cortex of the brain concerned with its sensory perception

Motor homunculus
This model shows what a mans body would look like if each part grew in proportion to the area of the cortex of the brain concerned with its movement

Hominid crania
L to R: Australopithecus africanus; Homo rudolfensis; H.erectus; H. heildebergensis; H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens. Arranged in chronological order these specimens (casts)

Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288-1) (Lucy)
A cast of the partial skeleton (nicknamed Lucy) of Australopithecus afarensis found at the Hadar, North East Ethiopia in 1974 by Donald Johanson

Homo erectus (Sangiran 17), H. sapiens (?) H. neanderthalens
L to R, cast of Homo erectus, (Sangiran 17), Sangiran, Java, 700, 000 years old; cast of recent Homo sapiens skull from South East Asia; cast of Neanderthal skull from La Ferrassie, France, 50

Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288-1) (Lucy)
A partial skeleton (nicknamed Lucy) of Australopithecus afarensis found at the Hadar, North East Ethiopia in 1974 by Donald Johanson

The Makapansgat Pebble
Three-million-year-old Makapansgat Pebble from South Africa. Perhaps the most ancient art object in the world. It is said to have been carried over a distance of four kilometers by Australopithecus

Liver
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a section through a liver (x 7000), an organ that has over 500 functions in the human body (x 800)

Neanderthal spear point
A spear point once belonging to that of Neanderthal Man (Homo neanderthalensis). This specimen was discovered in Gorhams Cave, Gibraltar

Paranthropus boisei (Zinjanthropus) cranium (OH5)
Cast of the cranium of a young male of Paranthropus boisei discovered by Mary Leakey in 1959 at Olduvai Gorge. The specimen which is the Holotype of Zinjanthropus boisei (Leakey 1959)

Homo neanderthalensis in action at Swanscombe, UK
An illustration by Angus McBride showing a group of Homo neanderthalensis on the ancient banks of the river Thames in modern day Swanscombe, Kent

Cro-magnon and Neanderthal skull comparison
Side view comparison of casts of Cro-Magnon skull from Brno, Czech Republic, Upper Palaeolithic (right), and Neanderthal skull from La Chapelle, France, Middle Palaeolithic (left)

Human cell
Illustration of a highly magnified section through a human cell. Page 8 from Human Biology, 1977

Neanderthal skull
Skull of an adult, female neanderthal

Homo habilis in action
An illustration by Angus McBride showing Homo habilis using tools to kill an Antelope. Homo habilis lived in East Africa between 1.6 and 2 million years ago

Hominid reconstructions in chronological order
From left to right: Australopithecus, Early Homo erectus (Java Man), Late Homo erectus (Peking Man), Homo heidelbergensis (Rhodesian Man), Neanderthal man and Homo sapiens (Cro-Magnon)

Homo erectus, Java Man cranium (Sangiran 17) cast
Lateral view of partially reconstructed cranium of Homo erectus Java Man about 700, 000 years old known as Sangiran 17. Discovered by Towikromo in 1969

Engraving of a human skull
Collected from the Admiralty Islands in the south-western Pacific, on The Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger (1872-1876) was funded by the British Government for the purpose of scientific discovery

Australopithecus afarensis
Illustration by Maurice Wilson of extinct African hominids (Australopithecus afarensis) living 3-4 million years ago. They walked upright, although they retained the ability to climb trees

Homo rudolfensis (KNM-ER 1470) Homo habilis (KNM-ER 1813)
On the left, KNM-ER 1470 (also attributed to H. rudolfensis). On the right, KNM-ER 1813. Both skulls are about 2 million years old. Held at The Natural History Museum, London

Triatoma infestans, kissing bug
This insect is a member of the Triatomine group, which are associated with the transmission of disease to humans

Homo heidelbergensis in action
A reconstructed scene by Angus McBride showing Homo erectus killing an elephant. Homo heidelbergensis lived for about 1.5 million years and is believed to have used sophisticated tools

Homo sp. skulls C016 / 5933
Side views of Homo erectus (Sangiran), H. heidelbergensis (Broken Hill), H. neanderthalensis, (La Ferrassie) and H. sapiens (Polynesia) skulls. Natural History Museum, London, UK

Skeleton of Negrillo or pigmy
A skeleton of a female pygmy from the Akka Tribe, Monnattu, central Africa. Specimen presented by Dr Emin Pasha, 1887. Photograph by J Benjamin Stone in 1907

Australopithecine or Homo habilis foot (OH8) cast
Cast of a near complete foot (OH 8) from an Australopthecus or Homo habilis discovered at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania by Louis Leakey in 1960. It dates back to 1.75 million years ago

Human red blood corpuscles
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) of red blood cells showing their characteristic biconcave shape which increases the surface area for diffusion

A naturalist being mobbed by Pteroglossus beauharnaesii, cur
Illustration from Henry Walter Bates The Naturalist on the Amazons (1884)

Upper Palaeolithic tools 18 - 30, 000 years old
L-R: a) Bone used to make needle blanks. b) Bone needle. c & d) Harpoon head and Barbed Point carved from antler. e & f) Two heads carved in mammoth ivory

Modern human skull
Skull of an adult, female modern human

Flint hand axe
Photograph of a human-made hand axe, which was discovered in 1859, and is thought to be about 400, 000 years old

Homo erectus cranium casts Peking Man & OH9
Left: This skull is a reconstruction based upon evidence discovered at locality 1, Zhoukoudian Cave which date back 500, 000 years

Homo erectus (or Homo ergaster), Turkana boy (KNM-WT 15000)
A replica of the fossil cranium (with reconstruction) that once belonged to a male Homo erectus aged 9 to 12 years old when he died

Taenia solium, pork tapeworm
The pork tapeworm parasite can reach lengths of up to 8 metres. It is found in humans and animals which have consumed meat infected with the larvae

Capillaria philippinensis, parasitic worm
This worm species (Capillaria philippinensis) is a parasite of the human small intestine

Homo erectus, Java Man cranium (Sangiran 17)

Cochliomyia hominivorax, new world screwworm puparium
The pupa case or puparium of a new world screwworm originating from a human, contracted in Trinidad

Dermatobia hominis, human botfly
Second stage of the human botfly (Dermatobia hominis) in leg - contracted in Bolivia. Photographed by Martin Hall

Homo neanderthalensis, Neanderthal Woman (Tabun C1)
Model of Neanderthal woman (Homo neanderthalensis) based upon measurements taken from the fossil skeleton of a female Neanderthal discovered at Tabun, Israel, known as Tabun C1 who lived about 100

Reindeer antler from Neschers
This reindeer antler from Neschers in France is engraved with a stylised horse. It was created by early humans and found between 1830 and 1848. Date: 1830

Homo neanderthalensis and Homo heildebergensis
Left: Cranium of Neanderthal man discovered at Forbes quarry Gibraltar in 1848. Right: Cranium of Broken Hill, or Rhodesian man (H. heidelbergensis) discovered at Broken Hill, Zambia in 1921

Broken Hill skull, Homo heidelbergensis, discovered in Africa in 1921. The skull belonged to an adult male and may be 200, 000 to 300, 000 years old

Homo neanderthalensis (Ferrassie 1) cranium cast
Cranium cast of an adult male Neandertal Man (Homo neanderthalensis) discovered at La Ferrassie, Dordogne, France, by D Peyrony and L. Captian in 1909. The original specimen dates back 70, 000 years

Homo sapiens tibia
Two human bones from different sides of the Atlantic ocean used to show how syphillis was spread since its appearance in Naples in 1495

Homo sapiens cranium (Predmosti 3) cast

Homo erectus, Java Man (Sangiran 17) cranium cast
Three quarter view of partially reconstructed cranium of Homo erectus Java Man about 700, 000 years old known as Sangiran 17. Discovered by Towikromo in 1969

Homo erectus crania (Ngandong 1 & Trinil)
The larger cranium belongs to Homo erectus discovered at Ngandong near to the Solo River on the island of Java, Indonesia

Schistosoma spp. blood fluke
The blood fluke (Schistosoma spp.) is the cause of the disease bilharzia or schistosomiasis in humans

Homo sapiens cranium (Irhoud 1)
Lateral and frontal view of a cast of an adult male Homo sapiens skull discovered at Jebel Irhoud (formerly Ighoud), Morocco, by Mohammed Ben Fatmi, Summer 1961

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"Hominini: Unveiling the Evolutionary Journey of Humanity" Step into the fascinating world of Hominini, a diverse group of primates that includes our ancient ancestors. From the sensory homunculus mapping our intricate neural pathways to the hominid crania revealing clues about their intelligence and culture, each discovery paints a vivid picture of our evolutionary past. Meet Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288-1), affectionately known as Lucy, whose fossilized remains provide crucial insights into early human bipedalism. As we explore further, we encounter Homo erectus (Sangiran 17) and ponder their migration out of Africa, paving the way for Homo sapiens and Neanderthals. The motor homunculus showcases how different areas in our brain control specific body movements while Homo neanderthalensis demonstrates their prowess with a Neanderthal spear point at Swanscombe, UK. Meanwhile, Paranthropus boisei (Zinjanthropus) cranium (OH5) offers glimpses into an extinct branch diverging from our own lineage. Delving deeper still, we uncover intriguing artifacts like The Makapansgat Pebble—a remarkable example of early symbolic thinking—and marvel at the complexity within us all. From the liver's vital role in metabolism to studying human cells under a microscope, every aspect contributes to understanding what it means to be human. As we piece together this mosaic of humanity's story through time and space, one thing becomes clear: Hominini is not just an exploration but also an appreciation for how far we have come. Let us embrace this journey with curiosity and awe as we continue unraveling the mysteries that connect us all.