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Epitheria Collection

"Exploring Epitheria: From Lucy to Lord Rothschild's Zebra-Drawn Trap" Epitheria, a term derived from the Greek words "epi" meaning upon and "therion" meaning beast

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Sensory homunculus

Sensory homunculus
This model shows what a mans body would look like if each part grew in proportion to the area of the cortex of the brain concerned with its sensory perception

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Mary Anning (1799-1847)

Mary Anning (1799-1847)
Pioneer fossil collector of Lyme Regis, Dorset. Oil painting by an unknown artist, before 1842. Golden Cap is visible in the background. Held at the Natural History Museum, London

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Motor homunculus

Motor homunculus
This model shows what a mans body would look like if each part grew in proportion to the area of the cortex of the brain concerned with its movement

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Hominid crania

Hominid crania
L to R: Australopithecus africanus; Homo rudolfensis; H.erectus; H. heildebergensis; H. neanderthalensis and H. sapiens. Arranged in chronological order these specimens (casts)

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288-1) (Lucy)

Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288-1) (Lucy)
A cast of the partial skeleton (nicknamed Lucy) of Australopithecus afarensis found at the Hadar, North East Ethiopia in 1974 by Donald Johanson

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Pterodactyls considered as marsupial bats

Pterodactyls considered as marsupial bats
Pterodactylus crassirostris above P. brevirostris. Plate from Note on the Pterodactyle Tribe... Paper in The Zoologist, Vol 1, 1843 by Edward Newman

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288-1) (Lucy)

Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288-1) (Lucy)
A partial skeleton (nicknamed Lucy) of Australopithecus afarensis found at the Hadar, North East Ethiopia in 1974 by Donald Johanson

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Greyhound design

Greyhound design
Drawing 26 Vol 2 by Alfred Waterhouse for the ornamentation of the Natural History Museum, London, 1876. (Two separate negatives)

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Zebra-drawn trap of Lord Walter Rothschild

Zebra-drawn trap of Lord Walter Rothschild
Rothschild broke in and trained several zebras to pull a trap, which he memorably used to visit Buckingham Palace in 1898 Date: 1898

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Neofelis nebulosa diardi, clouded leopard

Neofelis nebulosa diardi, clouded leopard
Felis diardi. Plate from A Monograph of the Felidae, or Family of the Cats, 1833, by Daniel Giraud Elliot. One of 43 hand-coloured lithographs by Joseph Wolf (1820-1899) and Joseph Smit (1836-1929)

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Ballyregan Bob, greyhound

Ballyregan Bob, greyhound
Photograph of Ballyregan Bob, the famous racing greyhound. Specimen on display at the Natural History Museum at Tring

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Smilodon fatalis, sabre-toothed cat

Smilodon fatalis, sabre-toothed cat
Skeleton of an extinct sabre-toothed cat which lived about 15, 000 years ago in North America. It was about the size of a present day lion

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Lama pacos, alpaca

Lama pacos, alpaca
Alpaca. Llama Alpaca, 1884. Hand coloured lithograph of a drawing by Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins from Gleanings from the Menagerie and Aviary at Knowsley Hall; Hoofed Quadrupeds, 1850

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Cladognathus sp. stag beetle

Cladognathus sp. stag beetle
A specimen of a large stag beetle from Asia. Stag beetles belong to the family (Lucanidae). Only male stag beetles have horns or antlers

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Lord Lionel Walter Rothschild (1868-1937)

Lord Lionel Walter Rothschild (1868-1937)
Carriage drawn by three zebra and a horse, driven by Lord Lionel Walter Rothschild (1868-1937), founder of the Natural History Museum at Tring, part of the Natural History Museum, London since 1937

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Homo neanderthalensis in action at Swanscombe, UK

Homo neanderthalensis in action at Swanscombe, UK
An illustration by Angus McBride showing a group of Homo neanderthalensis on the ancient banks of the river Thames in modern day Swanscombe, Kent

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Indian elephant, c. 1898

Indian elephant, c. 1898
Jung Pasha or Jung Pershad was one of four Asian elephants brought back to London Zoo by Bertie, Prince of Wales (the future King Edward VII) following his tour of India during 1875-76

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Accipiter striatus, sharp-shinned hawk

Accipiter striatus, sharp-shinned hawk
Plate 374 from John James Audubons Birds of America, original double elephant folio (1835-38), hand-coloured aquatint. Engraved, printed and coloured by R. Havell (& Son), London

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Balaena mysticetus, bowhead whale

Balaena mysticetus, bowhead whale

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Mustela nivalis, least weasel

Mustela nivalis, least weasel
Plate from a collection of pencil sketches and watercolour drawings of British mammals c. 1890-1910 by Edward Adrian Wilson (1872-1912)

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Pipistrellus pipistrellus, common pipistrelle

Pipistrellus pipistrellus, common pipistrelle
Plate from a collection of pencil sketches and watercolour drawings of British mammals c. 1890-1910 by Edward Adrian Wilson (1872-1912)

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Proconsul africanus

Proconsul africanus
An illustration of the extinct primate, Proconsul africanus. Like Dendropithecus, they mostly lived in tropical forests in East Africa during the Miocene about 50 million years ago

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Homo habilis in action

Homo habilis in action
An illustration by Angus McBride showing Homo habilis using tools to kill an Antelope. Homo habilis lived in East Africa between 1.6 and 2 million years ago

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Physeter macrocephalus, Sperm whale tooth

Physeter macrocephalus, Sperm whale tooth
Sperm whale tooth

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Sketch of an elephant, with descriptive notes

Sketch of an elephant, with descriptive notes
Original watercolour drawings and illustrated MS relating to Indian Birds, forming one of a set of volumes from which the illustrated MS work by Tickell on Mammals, &c

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Panthera leo senegalensis, West African Lion

Panthera leo senegalensis, West African Lion
Plate 45 (117) Le Lion du Senegal. From Histoire Naturelle des Mammifcres, avec des figures originales, Vol. 1, 1819-42, by Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & Baron Georges L. C. Frederic D. Cuvier

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Pterodactyl and scimitar-toothed lion design

Pterodactyl and scimitar-toothed lion design
Drawing by Alfred Waterhouse for the ornamentation of the Natural History Museum, London, 1875-1876. Waterhouse designed the museum in the 1860s, and it first opened its doors on Easter Monday 1881

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Hominid reconstructions in chronological order

Hominid reconstructions in chronological order
From left to right: Australopithecus, Early Homo erectus (Java Man), Late Homo erectus (Peking Man), Homo heidelbergensis (Rhodesian Man), Neanderthal man and Homo sapiens (Cro-Magnon)

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Hydromys chrysogaster, water rat

Hydromys chrysogaster, water rat
Plate 1 from a collection of 49 original watercolour drawings of animals by Ferdinand Lucas Bauer (1760-1826), from the H.M.S. Investigator expedition to Australia, 1801-1803

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Ovis aries, sheep

Ovis aries, sheep
Plate 2 from The Breeds of the Domestic Animals of the British Islands Vol. 2, 1842, by David Low (1786-1859). Entitled Breed of the Higher Welsh Mountains

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Mammoth skeleton drawing

Mammoth skeleton drawing
Plate 10 from Memoires de L Acadamie Imperiale des Sciences, Vol 5, 1815

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Skull of a pigmy hippo

Skull of a pigmy hippo
Model of a pigmy hippo skull from Cyprus

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Tooth from a woolly mammoth

Tooth from a woolly mammoth
Tooth from an extinct woolly mammoth, specimen from the Natural History Museum, London

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Hylobates sp. Pongo pygmaeus, Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gori

Hylobates sp. Pongo pygmaeus, Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gori
Gibbon, orangutan, chimpanzee, gorilla and human. Evidence as to Mans Place in Nature. Illustration published in Mans Place in Nature, Vol. 7 from a collection of essays by Thomas Henry Huxley, 1863

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Australopithecus afarensis

Australopithecus afarensis
Illustration by Maurice Wilson of extinct African hominids (Australopithecus afarensis) living 3-4 million years ago. They walked upright, although they retained the ability to climb trees

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Pedigree of Man

Pedigree of Man
Tab XV from Ernst Haeckel (1879) The Evolution of man: a popular exposition of the principal points of human ontogeny and phylogeny, London: Kegan Paul, 2 v: ill

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Homo heidelbergensis in action

Homo heidelbergensis in action
A reconstructed scene by Angus McBride showing Homo erectus killing an elephant. Homo heidelbergensis lived for about 1.5 million years and is believed to have used sophisticated tools

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, mole cricket

Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, mole cricket
Detail from plate 456 of an illustration of a mole cricket from British Entomology: Original Drawings Vol 10, by John Curtis, 1862

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Great Irish Elk, Megatherium

Great Irish Elk, Megatherium
Original artwork by Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins, donated by his granddaughter Mary Hawkins

Background imageEpitheria Collection: The Wolf by Edward Donovan

The Wolf by Edward Donovan
The Wolf, in Edward Donovans The Natural History of British Quadrupeds Volume 1. Held in the Library and Archives

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Guy (1946-1978), a western lowland gorilla

Guy (1946-1978), a western lowland gorilla
Guy the gorilla was one of London Zoos best-loved residents. After his death, he lived on as a display and research specimen at the Natural History Museum

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Connochaetes taurinus, Blue wildebeest

Connochaetes taurinus, Blue wildebeest
watercolour by William Cornwallis Harris. Entitled Catoblepas gorgon, Brindled Gnoo

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Tragelaphus strepsiceros, Greater kudu

Tragelaphus strepsiceros, Greater kudu
Watercolour by William Cornwallis Harris. Entitled Strepsiceros capensis, Koodoo

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Hunting the Giraffe by William C Harris

Hunting the Giraffe by William C Harris
Colour lithograph c. 1836 Date: circa 1836

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Anoplotherium commune & gracile, Palaeotherium

Anoplotherium commune & gracile, Palaeotherium
Sheet 4 of a series of posters called Extinct Animals by Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins c. 1862. This collection of mammals could be found during the Eocene epoch some 50 million years ago

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Stuart Stammwitz working on blue whale model, 1938, The Natu

Stuart Stammwitz working on blue whale model, 1938, The Natu
Stuart Stammwitz is shown here working on the whales eye, before the model was painted

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Prionailurus planiceps, flat-headed cat

Prionailurus planiceps, flat-headed cat
Felis planiceps. Plate from A Monograph of the Felidae, or Family of the Cats, 1833, by Daniel Giraud Elliot. One of 43 hand-coloured lithographs by Joseph Wolf (1820-1899) and Joseph Smit (1836-1929)

Background imageEpitheria Collection: Uintatherium skull

Uintatherium skull
Skull measures 740 mm left to right. Uintatherium, a horned ungulate from the mid Eocene of western U.S.A, stood about 1.6m at the shoulder



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"Exploring Epitheria: From Lucy to Lord Rothschild's Zebra-Drawn Trap" Epitheria, a term derived from the Greek words "epi" meaning upon and "therion" meaning beast, encompasses a vast array of fascinating creatures that have roamed our planet throughout history. One intriguing aspect of these beings is their sensory homunculus - a representation of how different body parts are mapped onto the brain. In the realm of paleontology, we cannot overlook the remarkable contributions made by Mary Anning (1799-1847). Her groundbreaking discoveries shed light on ancient life forms, including hominid crania. Among them stands Australopithecus afarensis (AL 288-1), affectionately known as Lucy. This iconic fossil provides crucial insights into our evolutionary journey. As we delve deeper into epitherian anatomy, another captivating concept emerges - the motor homunculus. Just like its sensory counterpart, this map reveals how various body regions control movement within the brain. Lucy once again takes center stage in this discussion as her skeletal remains offer valuable clues about locomotion in Australopithecus afarensis. Shifting gears from primates to an eccentric tale involving Lord Walter Rothschild and his zebra-drawn trap. This peculiar contraption showcases both human ingenuity and curiosity towards capturing exotic animals for study or display. While mammals dominate the world of epitheria, other species deserve recognition too. Ballyregan Bob, a legendary greyhound known for his speed and agility; Indian elephants majestically roaming c. 1898 landscapes; Neofelis nebulosa diardi with its mesmerizing clouded coat; Lama pacos enchanting us with their soft alpaca wool – all exemplify nature's diversity within this group. Not forgetting insects' contribution to epitheria's tapestry. Cladognathus sp.