Enlightenment Collection

David Hume, Scottish philosopher
David Hume (1711-1776). Historical artwork of the Scottish enlightenment philosopher, historian and economist David Hume. Hume opposed the rationalists such as Descartes in believing that human

Baruch Spinoza, caricature
Baruch Spinoza. Caricature of the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677). Spinoza is considered to be one of Western philosophys most important philosophers

Portrait of Denis Diderot (1713-84) 1767 (oil on canvas)
XIR37016 Portrait of Denis Diderot (1713-84) 1767 (oil on canvas) by Loo, Louis Michel van (1707-71); 81x65 cm; Louvre, Paris, France; French, out of copyright

Moses by Michaelangelo
The Moses (c. 15131515) is a masterpiece of High Renaissance sculpture by the renowned artist Michelangelo Buonarroti, housed in the church of San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome

Galileo and his daughter Maria Celeste
Galilei Galileo (1564-1642), Italian physicist and astronomer, being guided by his daughter Maria Celeste (1600-1634), a nun

Fisherman cycling along the beach near Bweju against dramatic sky, island of Zanzibar, Tanzania, East Africa, Africa

John Wesley / Electrical
JOHN WESLEY English religious leader, founder of Methodism : always interested in science, he is depicted observing an electrical experiment

The military campaigns led by the Byzantine Emperor Leon VI "The Wise"(866-912)
AIS5344072 The military campaigns led by the Byzantine Emperor Leon VI " The Wise" (866-912) against the Bulgarians in 894, miniature from " Synopsis historiarum", c.1126-1150

Samuel Johnson (oil on canvas)
3664653 Samuel Johnson (oil on canvas) by Reynolds, Joshua (1723-92) (after); (add.info.: Dr Samuel Johnson (1709 - 1784); compiled first English dictionary; ); The Stapleton Collection; English

Seated sculpture of Voltaire (1694-1778) (marble) (b / w photo)
XIR233293 Seated sculpture of Voltaire (1694-1778) (marble) (b/w photo) by Houdon, Jean-Antoine (1741-1828); Comedie Francaise, Paris, France; French, out of copyright

Portrait Of John Derrington, 1750-1805. Creator: James Millar
Portrait Of John Derrington, 1750-1805. Dr John Derrington (1747-1805), Birmingham surgeon and apothecary

Francois-Jean de Beauvoir, Marquis de Chastellux, from Gallery of Historical Portraits
KW327844 Francois-Jean de Beauvoir, Marquis de Chastellux, from Gallery of Historical Portraits, published c.1880 (litho) by English School

Truth, Leading the Sciences, Giving Light to Man, 1891 (mural)
XIR222489 Truth, Leading the Sciences, Giving Light to Man, 1891 (mural) by Besnard, Paul Albert (1849-1934); Mairie du 1er Arrondissement, Paris

Women making an offering to the god Brahma, miniature from Rajasthan, India, 1720 (miniature)
AIS5356060 Women making an offering to the god Brahma, miniature from Rajasthan, India, 1720 (miniature); Musee Guimet, Paris, France; (add.info.: Paris, Guimet Museum.); © Iberfoto.

Meeting between Frederic Barberossa (Federico Barbarossa) and Pope Alexander III (Alexander)
AIS5336026 Meeting between Frederic Barberossa (Federico Barbarossa) and Pope Alexander III (Alexander, Alessandro III) (1105-1181) at the Doge's Palace in Venice in 1177

Illustration showing a basket of flowers, from 'Elemens de la philosophie de Neuton'
5311554 Illustration showing a basket of flowers, from 'Elemens de la philosophie de Neuton', 1757' by Voltaire (1694 - 1778), a French Enlightenment writer

Representation of the fight of the human soul against vices: the allegorical fight of sobriety against lust
AIS5360414 Representation of the fight of the human soul against vices: the allegorical fight of sobriety against lust, miniature taken from "Psychomachia

View of Mecca, Persian miniature, 17th century (illuminated manscript)
AIS5355993 View of Mecca, Persian miniature, 17th century (illuminated manscript); Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, France; © Iberfoto.

Book of Fueros (Codes) of Valencia, Spain, Miniature of the 13th century, Facsimile edition (miniature)
AIS5346116 Book of Fueros (Codes) of Valencia, Spain, Miniature of the 13th century, Facsimile edition (miniature); Valencia, Spain; (add.info.: Romanesque: Book of fors (fueros) (laws)

The Trojan horse during the siege of the city of Trojan, from "Historia destructionis Troiae" by Guido delle
AIS5346111 The Trojan horse during the siege of the city of Trojan, from "Historia destructionis Troiae" by Guido delle Colone (c. 1210- c)

Illustration by Rene Descartes, showing the reflection of light. From Opera Philosophica; Frankfurt; 1692
5311508 Illustration by Rene Descartes, showing the reflection of light. From Opera Philosophica; Frankfurt; 1692; Universal History Archive/UIG.

Portrait of Sanche I, King of Mallorca (Sancho I, 1277-1324, miniature in "Llibre de franqueses i privilegis del)
AIS5346172 Portrait of Sanche I, King of Mallorca (Sancho I, 1277-1324, miniature in "Llibre de franqueses i privilegis del Regne de Mallorca", Fol)

Portrait of James II (1243-1311), miniature in "Llibre de Franqueses i Privilegis del Regne de Mallorca"
AIS5346118 Portrait of James II (1243-1311), miniature in "Llibre de Franqueses i Privilegis del Regne de Mallorca", Fol

Page of "The Epitres" by Ovid (43 BC - 18 AD), 15th century (illuminated manuscript)
AIS5363698 Page of "The Epitres" by Ovid (43 BC - 18 AD), 15th century (illuminated manuscript); Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, France; © Iberfoto.

"Deal of the incarnation against Nestorius" (De Incarnatione Domini contra Nestorium)
AIS5361697 "Deal of the incarnation against Nestorius" (De Incarnatione Domini contra Nestorium) (Nestorianism (of Patriarch Nestorius or Nestorios) by John Cassian (Joannes Cassianus)

Emperor Constantine (272-337) receives the consuls Paulinus and Julian, in Codex Albeldense
AIS5336708 Emperor Constantine (272-337) receives the consuls Paulinus and Julian, in Codex Albeldense, 976 (illuminated miniature); Biblioteca Monasterio del Escorial, Madrid

Third Council of Tolede of Hispanic Bishops under Visigoth rule in 589. King Recarede I (Reccared)
AIS5336707 Third Council of Tolede of Hispanic Bishops under Visigoth rule in 589. King Recarede I (Reccared), called "the Catholic", King of the Visigoths of Spain ()

Title page for an atlas by Reiner Ottens titled "Atlas maior cvm generales omnivm totivs orbis"
6266104 Title page for an atlas by Reiner Ottens titled "Atlas maior cvm generales omnivm totivs orbis", published in Amsterdam, 1729 (engraving); (add.info.: The figures represent)

Illustration by Rene Descartes, showing the theory of terrestrial and celestial magnetism
5311509 Illustration by Rene Descartes, showing the theory of terrestrial and celestial magnetism. From Principia Philosophica; Amsterdam, 1672; Universal History Archive/UIG.

Illustration by Rene Descartes, showing the parabolic course of a projectile. From Epistolae; Amsterdam 1668
5311506 Illustration by Rene Descartes, showing the parabolic course of a projectile. From Epistolae; Amsterdam 1668; Universal History Archive/UIG.

Title Page of 'Philosophical Transactions Volume I, published by the Royal Society in London 1666
5311133 Title Page of 'Philosophical Transactions Volume I, published by the Royal Society in London 1666. the first issue of Philosophical Transactions

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier during scientific experiment (engraving)
1732389 Antoine Laurent Lavoisier during scientific experiment (engraving) by French School, (18th century); (add.info.: Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794) french chemist, economist

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, 19th century (engraving)
1732392 Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, 19th century (engraving) by French School, (19th century); (add.info.: Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794) french chemist, philosopher, economist

Moses Mendelssohn, 1770
1577441 Moses Mendelssohn, 1770; (add.info.: Moses Mendelssohn (1729 - 1786) German Jewish philosopher to whose ideas the Haskalah

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) contemplating the natural beauty of Switzerland
530201 Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) contemplating the natural beauty of Switzerland. French political author, educationalist and philosopher. Engraving 1787.; Universal History Archive/UIG.

Confessions by Jean Jacques Rousseau (1782-1789), engraving, 1849, France
1734589 Confessions by Jean Jacques Rousseau (1782-1789), engraving, 1849, France; (add.info.: Confessions by Jean Jacques Rousseau (1782-1789), engraving, 1849, France).

Confessions by Jean Jacques Rousseau (1782-1789), 1852 (engraving)
1732737 Confessions by Jean Jacques Rousseau (1782-1789), 1852 (engraving); (add.info.: Confessions by Jean Jacques Rousseau (1782-1789) Engraving by F. Joubert after Camille Roqueplan, 1852, France)

Patients treated by cauterization, Miniature from the manuscript Rawlinson C. 328 fol
AIS5356002 Patients treated by cauterization, Miniature from the manuscript Rawlinson C. 328 fol. 005r, Oxford, Bodleian Library, 14th century (manuscript); Bodleian Library, Oxford

Tiger Hunting Scene, 17th or 18th century (illuminated manuscript)
AIS5356001 Tiger Hunting Scene, 17th or 18th century (illuminated manuscript); (add.info.: Syrian Art: Tiger Hunting Scene Manuscript page of the 17th or 18th century.); © Iberfoto.

The triumph of Alfonso V of Aragon "the Magnanimous", Cod. Wat. Lat. 1565 (miniature)
AIS5336652 The triumph of Alfonso V of Aragon "the Magnanimous", Cod. Wat. Lat. 1565 (miniature); Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana

ALPHONSE II of Asturias, called "the Chaste" (759-842) in armor on horseback, miniature
AIS5342707 ALPHONSE II of Asturias, called "the Chaste" (759-842) in armor on horseback, miniature; Biblioteca Nacional, Madrid, Spain; (add.info.: ALPHONSE II of Asturias)

King Peter I the Justice (1320-1367), miniature in "Llibre de Franqueses i Privilegis del Regne de Mallorca"
AIS5346189 King Peter I the Justice (1320-1367), miniature in "Llibre de Franqueses i Privilegis del Regne de Mallorca", Fol.338, 1334-1339 (miniature); Arxiu del Regne de Mallorca

Showing the formation of a rainbow, 1704 (engraving)
5311510 Showing the formation of a rainbow, 1704 (engraving); (add.info.: Illustration by showing the formation of a rainbow by dispersion and total internal reflection alongside the splitting)

Frontispiece of 'Physique sacree. ou Histoire naturelle de la Bible' 1732
5306284 Frontispiece of 'Physique sacree. ou Histoire naturelle de la Bible' 1732.; Universal History Archive/UIG.

Illustration showing a plant or fruit, from 'Elemens de la philosophie de Neuton'
5311522 Illustration showing a plant or fruit, from 'Elemens de la philosophie de Neuton', 1757' by Voltaire (1694 - 1778), a French Enlightenment writer

Illustration by Rene Descartes, showing how a spectrum is formed. From Epistolae; Amsterdam 1668
5311505 Illustration by Rene Descartes, showing how a spectrum is formed. From Epistolae; Amsterdam 1668; Universal History Archive/UIG.

John Locke, 17th century (engraving)
3118990 John Locke, 17th century (engraving); (add.info.: Engraved portrait of John Locke (1632-1704) English philosopher and physician, known as the 'Father of Liberalism'

Tadeusz Czacki, 1813
1579439 Tadeusz Czacki, 1813; (add.info.: Tadeusz Czacki (1765 - 1813), Polish historian, pedagogue and numismatist. Czacki played an important part in the Enlightenment in Poland

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"Enlightenment: A Journey through Time and Ideas" Step into the world of enlightenment, where great minds like David Hume, the Scottish philosopher, challenged conventional wisdom and ignited intellectual revolutions. Their ideas sparked a fire that would forever change our understanding of the universe. Baruch Spinoza, depicted in a caricature, dared to question societal norms and religious dogmas. His radical thoughts paved the way for a more rational approach to life's mysteries. In Denis Diderot's portrait from 1767, we witness his tireless efforts as he compiled knowledge in the famous Encyclopédie. This masterpiece became a symbol itself – an embodiment of human progress. Moses by Michelangelo stands tall as a testament to artistic brilliance intertwined with spiritual awakening. Through this sculpture, we glimpse at how art can inspire profound introspection and contemplation. Galileo Galilei's bond with his daughter Maria Celeste reveals not only their love but also their shared pursuit of truth amidst adversity, and is within these familial connections that enlightenment finds its roots. John Derrington's portrait captures an era when scientific discoveries were flourishing. His gaze reflects curiosity and determination – qualities essential for embracing new ideas and expanding horizons. As a fisherman cycles along Zanzibar's beach against a dramatic sky, it reminds us that even ordinary moments can hold extraordinary revelations. Nature itself becomes our teacher on this journey towards enlightenment. The military campaigns led by Byzantine Emperor Leon VI "The Wise" demonstrate how knowledge extends beyond academia into practical realms. History teaches us valuable lessons about power dynamics and cultural exchange during times of conflict. Samuel Johnson's oil painting immortalizes him as one who sought intellectual freedom through language mastery. His dictionary became both an instrument for communication and liberation from ignorance. Voltaire sits stoically in marble form – his seated sculpture capturing his unwavering commitment to reason over superstition or prejudice. His legacy as a champion of free thought remains an inspiration to this day.