Cuneiform Collection

3000 BC Cuneiform writing on clay slab, front view

Tablet of Shamash. beg. 9th c. BC. The sun-god Shamash (right) receiving the Babylonian king Nabu-apla-iddina (left), between two interceding deities

Cylinder of Cyrus the Great with text written in akkadian cuneiform. Clay. Describes the conquest of Babylon in 539 BC and the capture of King Nabonidus by Cyrus the Great

Behistun Inscription, ancient relief, Kermanshah, Iran
Illustration of a Behistun Inscription, ancient relief, Kermanshah, Iran

Neo-Sumerian. Statue of Gudea. Girsu, Iraq. 2120 BC. Cuneifo
Mesopotamia. Neo-Sumerian. Ruler Gudea of state of Lagash. Diorita statue. From Girsu (modern Telloh). Iraq. 2120 BC. Cuneiform inscription. Detail. Museum of Louvre. Paris. France

Babylonian cuneiform numerals. Key to the clay-pressed Cuneiform numerals used in the later Babylonian period (2000BC to 75AD)

Egyptian and Assyrian counting systems. Early methods of number counting involved the use of fingers, while early written records used strokes to indicate numbers

Close up of carved relief, Nimrud, Iraq, Middle East

Antiquite: official document on brick of King Shilhak-Inshushinak (1150-1120 BC) in elamite cuneiform writing
JEB4907884 Antiquite: official document on brick of King Shilhak-Inshushinak (1150-1120 BC) in elamite cuneiform writing. From the Susa website

The Phoenician alphabet developed from the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, during the 15th century BC
529061 The Phoenician alphabet developed from the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, during the 15th century BC. Before then the Phoenicians wrote with a cuneiform script

Cuneiform tablet with Gilgamesh Flood Epic, Babylonian, Southern Iraq (displayed at the British Museum)
536607 Cuneiform tablet with Gilgamesh Flood Epic, Babylonian, Southern Iraq (displayed at the British Museum) 17th century BC (object); Universal History Archive/UIG.

Cuneiform, Ahura Mazda. Cuneiform is a system of writing first developed by the ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia c. 3500-3000 BCE

Babylonian boundary-stone (kudurru) of the time of King Nebuchadnezzar I of Babylon, c1125-1104 BC
Babylonian boundary-stone (kudurru) of the time of King Nebuchadnezzar I of Babylon, about 1125-1104 BC. From Sippar, southern Iraq

Babylonian clay tablet with Geometrical Problems
Babylonian Clay table with Geometrical problems in cuniform script, from the British Museums collection.Babylonian clay tablet with Geometrical problems in cuniform script

Illustration of using reed pen to write Sumerian cuneiform script on clay tablet

Oriental antiquite: medical tablet engraved with cuneiform writing drawn up after a liver
JLJ4569810 Oriental antiquite: medical tablet engraved with cuneiform writing drawn up after a liver examination for presages. Period Seleucide and Parthe (around 300 BC -200 AD). From Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia: kudurru (stele used as a support for donations of land made by the Kassite
JLJ4664334 Mesopotamia: kudurru (stele used as a support for donations of land made by the Kassite rulers of Babylon to family members or high dignitaries. The inscription is in cuneiform writing)

The Obelisk of Shalmanaser III (engraving)
3646988 The Obelisk of Shalmanaser III (engraving) by German School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: The Obelisk of Shalmanaser III)

Relief of a Winged Genius, Reign of Ashurnasirpal, c. 883-859 BC (gypsum)
5242076 Relief of a Winged Genius, Reign of Ashurnasirpal, c.883-859 BC (gypsum) by Assyrian, (9th century BC); 223.5x195.5 cm; Private Collection; (add.info)

Ancient Assyria. Illustration for Bilder-Atlas (engraving)
5996298 Ancient Assyria. Illustration for Bilder-Atlas (engraving) by German School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: Ancient Assyria)

Cuneiform cone, 2143-2124 BC (terracotta)
615793 Cuneiform cone, 2143-2124 BC (terracotta) by Sumerian; 11.4x5.5 cm; Freud Museum, London, UK; (add.info.: Complete clay cone inscribed with ten lines of cuneiform)

Early Pictographic cuneiform tablet, Mesopotamia, Uruk, c. 3100-2900 BC (clay)
3288525 Early Pictographic cuneiform tablet, Mesopotamia, Uruk, c.3100-2900 BC (clay) by Mesopotamian; (add.info.: Text deals with administrative accounts concerning grain distribution)

Early Pictographic cuneiform tablet, Mesopotamia, Uruk, c. 3100-2900 BC (clay)
3288479 Early Pictographic cuneiform tablet, Mesopotamia, Uruk, c.3100-2900 BC (clay) by Mesopotamian; (add.info.: Text deals with administrative accounts concerning grain distribution)

Cuneiform tablet with medical prescriptions, Ninveh (clay)
1220356 Cuneiform tablet with medical prescriptions, Ninveh (clay) by Mesopotamian; Photo eZev Radovan; out of copyright

Babylonian clay tablet with text. 7th century BC. Table with syllabary
533073 Babylonian clay tablet with text. 7th century BC. Table with syllabary. by Babylonian, (7th century BC); Universal History Archive/UIG; out of copyright

Tablet listing quantities of various commodities, with circles
AMQ113702 Tablet listing quantities of various commodities, with circles and half circles indicating numerals, proto-cuneiform, Jemdet Nasr

Document consisting of ideograms, from Uruk, Iraq, late 4th-early 3rd millennium BC
BAL165775 Document consisting of ideograms, from Uruk, Iraq, late 4th-early 3rd millennium BC (stone) by Sumerian; 4.3x2.3 cm; State Hermitage Museum, St

Mesopotamie: Assyrian tablets (left) of a contract of trade (19th or 18th century BC
JLJ4678684 Mesopotamie: Assyrian tablets (left) of a contract of trade (19th or 18th century BC) and Babylonian tablets (right) of a contract of sale of a house (between the 20th and 16th century BC)

Mesopotamia: limestone stele with inscriptions in Akkadian commemorating the work done in
JLJ4678195 Mesopotamia: limestone stele with inscriptions in Akkadian commemorating the work done in honor of the god Inshushinak. 2100 BC

Bronze lion holding a foundation tablet in Hurrite language
JLJ4667648 Bronze lion holding a foundation tablet in Hurrite language, written in alphabetical cuneform. From Northern Syria. 2150 BC

Mesopotamia: kudurru in unfinished limestone (stele used as a support for donations of
JLJ4667599 Mesopotamia: kudurru in unfinished limestone (stele used as a support for donations of land made by the Kassite rulers of Babylon to family members or high dignitaries)

Low relief with bronze warriors with elamite inscription in cuneiform. 1200-1150 BC
JLJ4667581 Low relief with bronze warriors with elamite inscription in cuneiform. 1200-1150 BC. From Elam. Paris, Louvre Museum by Elamite, (2nd millennium BC); Louvre, Paris

Mesopotamie: stele in diorite of the Code of Laws of Hammurabi (or Hammourabi)
JLJ4567041 Mesopotamie: stele in diorite of the Code of Laws of Hammurabi (or Hammourabi). It is covered with cuneiform inscriptions

Kudurru of King Marduk sapik zari, with inscription in cuneiform writing
LRI4685507 Kudurru of King Marduk sapik zari, with inscription in cuneiform writing. 11th century BC (black limestone) by Mesopotamian; Iraq Museum

Hittite civilization: cuneiform tablet transcribing the Ritual of Amihatna
LRI4661027 Hittite civilization: cuneiform tablet transcribing the Ritual of Amihatna, high priest of the divinite Ishara, from the site of Hattusa (present-day Bogazkoi) 1650-1200 BC

Mesopotamie: raw earth tablet with cuneiform inscription. Region Sumer
JLJ4662581 Mesopotamie: raw earth tablet with cuneiform inscription. Region Sumer. 3300 BC Paris, Musee du Louvre by Mesopotamian School, (4000-3000 BC); Louvre, Paris

Assyrian civilization: engraved box of cuneiform characters concerning the production of
LRI4661053 Assyrian civilization: engraved box of cuneiform characters concerning the production of two silver mines. Istanbul, Archeological Museum by Assyrian School; Archaeological Museum

Assyrian civilization: engraved box of cuneiform characters concerning the production of
LRI4661044 Assyrian civilization: engraved box of cuneiform characters concerning the production of two silver mines. Istanbul, Archeological Museum by Assyrian School; Archaeological Museum

Mesopotamia: kudurru (stele used as a support for donations of land made by the Kassite
JLJ4612750 Mesopotamia: kudurru (stele used as a support for donations of land made by the Kassite rulers of Babylon to family members or high dignitaries. The inscription is in cuneiform writing)

Mesopotamie: stele in diorite of the Code of Laws of Hammurabi (or Hammourabi)
JLJ4611978 Mesopotamie: stele in diorite of the Code of Laws of Hammurabi (or Hammourabi). It is covered with cuneiform inscriptions

Six foundation stones, reign of King Lipit-Ishtar, c. 1934-1924 BC (clay)
3029523 Six foundation stones, reign of King Lipit-Ishtar, c.1934-1924 BC (clay) by Babylonian; tallest: 11.3 cm; Private Collection; (add.info)

A narrow escape for Sir Henry Rawlinson at the Rock of Behistun, c. 1920 (litho)
3114392 A narrow escape for Sir Henry Rawlinson at the Rock of Behistun, c.1920 (litho) by Woodville, Richard Caton II (1856-1927) (after); Private Collection; (add.info)

Cuneiform tablet showing accounts of barley distribution, c. 3000 BC (clay)
3525809 Cuneiform tablet showing accounts of barley distribution, c.3000 BC (clay) by Sumerian; 5.5x6x4.2 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York

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"Cuneiform: Unraveling the Ancient Script of Civilization" Step back in time to 3000 BC, where cuneiform writing on clay slabs was born. These front-view tablets hold the secrets of Mesopotamia's earliest written language. Travel through history and encounter the Tablet of Shamash, dating back to the 9th century BC. Dedicated to the sun-god, this artifact showcases the religious significance embedded within cuneiform script. Behold the Cylinder of Cyrus the Great, adorned with Akkadian cuneiform text. This relic offers a glimpse into one of history's most influential rulers and his empire's administrative prowess. Marvel at Neo-Sumerian craftsmanship as you gaze upon Gudea's statue from 2120 BC. The intricate cuneiform inscriptions reveal his reign over Girsu in present-day Iraq. Discover ancient Iran's monumental Behistun Inscription, an impressive relief etched into stone cliffs. Its multilingual text sheds light on Persian history while showcasing cuneiform mastery. Delve into numerical systems as you explore both Egyptian and Assyrian counting methods intertwined with cuneiform symbols. Witness how these civilizations documented their transactions and calculations. Zoom in on carved reliefs that bring stories to life through detailed depictions etched onto stone surfaces. Cuneiform script adds depth and context to these captivating artworks. Unlock Babylonian knowledge by deciphering their unique system of numerals preserved through intricate cuneiform markings. Experience firsthand how they recorded numbers for trade and commerce. Admire Kassite Dynasty’s Eanna-shum-iddina kudurru from 1125-1100 B. C. , a stunning stele boasting elaborate engravings accompanied by explanatory texts written in mesmerizing cuneiform script.