Copernican Collection

With the sun at the center; Copernicus appears at lower right and Ptolemy at lower left
COPERNICAN UNIVERSE, 1660. With the sun at the center; Copernicus appears at lower right and Ptolemy at lower left. Copperplate engraving from Andreas Cellarius Atlas Coelestis seu Harmonia

with the sun at the center. Engraving, Dutch, 17th century
COPERNICAN UNIVERSE with the sun at the center. Engraving, Dutch, 17th century

COPERNICAN UNIVERSE, 1660. Copernican map of the Universe, with the sun at the center: copperplate engraving from Andreas Cellarius " Atlas Coelestis seu Harmonia Macrocosmica

Galileo and his daughter Maria Celeste
Galilei Galileo (1564-1642), Italian physicist and astronomer, being guided by his daughter Maria Celeste (1600-1634), a nun

Geocentric System
The pre-Copernican system of the Planets - Earth at the centre orbited by the other planets including the sun, and surrounded by the stars

Galileo's diagram of the Copernican (heliocentric) system of the universe showing also his own discovery
530359 Galileo's diagram of the Copernican (heliocentric) system of the universe showing also his own discovery, the four satellites (moons) of Jupiter

Galileo (1564-1642) retracts his theory of the movement of the earth before the judges of
CHT223759 Galileo (1564-1642) retracts his theory of the movement of the earth before the judges of the Holy Office (engraving) (b/w photo) by French School

Portrait of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), 1815 (engraving)
1072652 Portrait of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), 1815 (engraving) by Cipriani, Giovanni Battista (1727-85) (after); Private Collection; Italian, out of copyright

Frontispiece to Universalis Philosophiae by Tommaso Campanella
BMR322570 Frontispiece to Universalis Philosophiae by Tommaso Campanella, published in Paris, 1638 (engraving) by French School, (17th century); Bibliotheque Mazarine, Paris

Frontispiece to Apologia pro Galileo, Mathematico Florentino
CHT242814 Frontispiece to Apologia pro Galileo, Mathematico Florentino by Tommaso Campanella, published in Frankfurt, 1622 (engraving) by German School

A discourse concerning a new world & another planet in 2 bookes, 1640 (frontispiece)
3058199 A discourse concerning a new world & another planet in 2 bookes, 1640 (frontispiece) by Marshall, William (fl.1617-49); Private Collection; (add.info)

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) Explaining his Theory, 1873 (engraving) (b / w photo)
XJF129881 Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) Explaining his Theory, 1873 (engraving) (b/w photo) by Andriolli, Elviro Michael (1836-93); Private Collection; Polish, out of copyright

Scenographia: Systematis Copernicani Astrological Chart (c
OPT395356 Scenographia: Systematis Copernicani Astrological Chart (c.1543) devised by Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543), from The Celestial Atlas, or the Harmony of the Universe

Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) from The Gallery of Portraits
KW200747 Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) from The Gallery of Portraits, published 1833 (engraving) by English School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info)

Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543). Orbes Celestes. Engraving, 1
Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543). Renaissance mathematician and astronomer. Orbes Celestes. French engraving, 1667

John Milton (1608-1674)
John Milton, English poet and political writer. Author of the celebrated epic poems "Paradise Lost" and "Paradise Regained"

Solar system and Nicolaus Copernicus, composite artwork. All eight planets are shown, plus Pluto, the asteroid belt and a comet

Planetarium with the Copernican system. FRANCE. Ό E-DE-FRANCE. Paris. Museum of Arts and Crafts (CNAM)

Galilei before the Council, 1861 (oil on canvas)
XKH155700 Galilei before the Council, 1861 (oil on canvas) by Hausmann, Friedrich Karl (1825-86); 282x429 cm; Hamburger Kunsthalle, Hamburg, Germany; German, out of copyright

Queen of England and Ireland, 1558-1603. Elizabeth depicted with an astrological diagram of the heavens
ELIZABETH I (1533-1603). Queen of England and Ireland, 1558-1603. Elizabeth depicted with an astrological diagram of the heavens, with immovable justice placed at the center

With the sun at the center, from Nicolaus Copernicus manuscript of De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium. Nuremberg, 1543
COPERNICAN UNIVERSE. With the sun at the center, from Nicolaus Copernicus manuscript of De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium. Nuremberg, 1543

with the sun at the center and the moon orbiting about the earth, set in an infinite sea of stars
COPERNICAN UNIVERSE with the sun at the center and the moon orbiting about the earth, set in an infinite sea of stars: woodcut from Thomas Digges supplement to the 1576 edition of Leonard Digges

Copernican (heliocentric) system of the universe, showing the firmament of the fixed stars. From Johannes Hevelius Selenographia, Gdansk (Danzig) 1647. Engraving

Copernican sun-centred (Heliocentric) system of universe showing orbit of earth and planets round the sun, including Jupiter and its moons. Figure on bottom right represents Copernicus

Tycho Brahe (Tyge Ottesen Brahe) (1546-1601) in 1586. Danish astronomer, astrologer and alchemist who built astronomical instruments which enabled him to make the most accurate observations of his

Copernican, Heliocentric, Sun-centred, system of universe showing Jupiter and Saturn with the orbits of their moons. Hand-coloured engraving Paris, 1761

Copernican, Heliocentric, Sun-centred, system of universe showing the ecliptic and the orbit of the earth and the planets and demonstrating reason for night and day

Tycho Brahe (Tyge Ottesen Brahe - 1546-1601) Danish astronomer, astrologer and alchemist who built astronomical instruments which enabled him to make the most accurate observations of his time

Copernican Celestial Sphere C017 / 3499
Plate from 18th century encyclopedia showing a Copernican Celestial Sphere. The Sun is shown in the centre with the Earth and Moon revolving around it

Celestial planispheres, 1772 C016 / 4386
Celestial planispheres. 18th-century astronomy diagrams centred around planispheres of stars and constellations. The northern celestial hemisphere is at left

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543). Polish astronomer. Nineteenth-century engraving

Madison: Solar System
MADISON: SOLAR SYSTEM. Sketch of the Copernican solar system by James Madison. Undated manuscript, probably from the 1760s or 1770s

PLANETARY SYSTEMS. Diagram comparing the planetary systems of Ptolemy, the ancient Egyptians, Tycho Brahe, and Copernicus. Line engraving, English, 1851, after Johann Georg Heck

Keplers cosmological model, artwork
Keplers cosmological model. Historical artwork by the German astronomer and mathematician Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) that demonstrates the relative distances of the planets from the sun in

Copernican solar system. Computer artwork depicting the solar system according to the heliocentric system revived by the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus in 1543

Historical cosmologies. Artwork of four historical models of planetary orbits. Ptolemys geocentric (Earth-centred) model (upper right) dominated astronomy for over 1000 years

Galileo, Italian astronomer
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), Italian astronomer and physicist. In 1610, Galileo was the first person to use a telescope for astronomical studies

Solar system, 18th century engraving
Solar System. Engraved plate form the 18th century depicting the Solar System. At the centre is the Sun, with the terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) close by

Johannes Kepler monument, artwork
Johannes Kepler monument. Artwork of the monument and statue to the German mathematician, astronomer and astrologer Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), erected in his birthplace of Weil der Stadt, Germany

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
Nicolaus Copernicus Polish astronomer who began the revolution that overthrew more than 1000 years of astronomical thought

Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish astronomer
Nicolaus Copernicus (February 19, 1473 Ôé¼" May 24, 1543) was the first astronomer to formulate a scientifically-based heliocentric cosmology that displaced the Earth from the center of

Nicolaus Copernicus on a Polish banknote
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543), Polish astronomer, on a one thousand Sloty banknote. Copernicus was the first astronomer to formulate a scientifically-based heliocentric cosmology that displaced

Copernican solar system, 1690 artwork. This heliocentric (Sun-centred) solar system was proposed by the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus in 1543

Keplers cosmological model. Composite image of a model of Keplers Platonic solids, with Latin text and the title of the work in which this model was described

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In the 17th century, a revolutionary shift in our understanding of the universe took place. The Copernican model, with the sun at its center, challenged centuries-old beliefs and paved the way for modern astronomy. One iconic representation of this groundbreaking concept is found in Andreas Cellarius' Atlas Coelestis seu Harmonia Macrocosmica. In this copperplate engraving from 1660, we see Copernicus appearing at the lower right and Ptolemy at the lower left. It visually captures the Copernican Universe, placing the sun as its focal point. Galileo Galilei, an Italian astronomer who played a crucial role in advancing this heliocentric theory, is also depicted in various artworks related to his contributions. One such portrayal shows Galileo alongside his daughter Maria Celeste. Their bond symbolizes not only familial ties but also their shared dedication to scientific exploration. The Geocentric System engraving from 17th-century Dutch art further emphasizes how radical Copernicus' ideas were during that time period. With its depiction of Earth as just one celestial body among many orbiting around the central sun, it challenges traditional notions of humanity's place in the cosmos. Nicolas Copernicus himself is immortalized through engravings like Orbes Celestes. Created during his lifetime (1473-1543), these images capture his visionary ideas that would reshape our understanding of space and planetary motion forever. However, despite their groundbreaking work, scientists like Galileo faced opposition from religious authorities who adhered to geocentrism. A famous scene depicts Galileo retracting his theory before judges—a moment that highlights both intellectual courage and societal pressures faced by those challenging established beliefs. Even after centuries have passed since these pivotal moments occurred, their significance remains palpable today.