Codex Florentino Collection

MEXICO: AZTEC WEAVER. Aztec woman weaving on a loom. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardo de Sahagun, c1540

AZTEC SHIELD MAKER. An Aztec craftsman working on a shield over a fire. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardino de Sahagun, c1540

MONTEZUMA II (1480-1520). Aztec emperor. The Spaniards take Montezuma with them as they enter the Great Palace at Tenochtitlan, 1520

MEXICO: AZTEC BATHER. An Aztec man taking a bath. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardo de Sahagun, c1540

MEXICO: AZTEC ENTERTAINERS. An Aztec foot juggler and musicians. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardo de Sahagun, c1540

MEXICO: SPANISH CONQUEST. Hernando Cortes and his army encounter Aztec warriors. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardo de Sahagun, c1540

MEXICO: AZTEC MERCHANTS. Two travelling Aztec merchants on the road. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardo de Sahagun, c1540

MEXICO: AZTEC CRAFTSMEN. Two Aztec craftsmen decorating a shield with feathers. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardo de Sahagun, c1540

MEXICO: AZTEC CEREMONY. Aztec ceremony with a priest as the god Xipe Totec, wearing human skin. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardo de Sahagun, c1540

MEXICO: AZTEC CRAFTSMAN. An Aztec craftsman decorating a shield with feathers. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardo de Sahagun, c1540

MEXICO: AZTEC WARRIORS. Aztec warriors march to battle. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardo de Sahagun, c1540

MEXICO: AZTEC CRAFTSMAN. An Aztec craftsman working with feathers. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardo de Sahagun, c1540

AZTEC CEREMONY. Aztec priests performing a ceremony at a temple. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Berndarino de Sahagun, c1540

AZTECS GETTING DRESSED. An Aztec man being dressed. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardino de Sahagun, c1540

AZTEC CRAFTSMEN. An Aztec feather headdress maker and a painter. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardino de Sahagun, c1540

AZTEC GOLDSMITH. An Aztec craftsman hammering a gold object. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardino de Sahagun, c1540

AZTEC CRAFTSMAN. An Aztec craftsman in his workshop. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardino de Sahagun, c1540

MEXICO: SPANISH CONQUEST. Scenes of the Spanish conquistadors at war with the Aztecs, from the Codex Florentino compiled by Bernardino de Sahagun, c1540

MEXICO: AZTEC MASONS. Aztec stone masons at work. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardo de Sahagun, c1540

MEXICO: SPANISH CONQUEST. Battle between Spanish conquistadors and Aztec warriors at Xolloco, Mexico. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardo de Sahagun, c1540

MEXICO: CORTES & ARMY. The army of Spanish conquerer Hernando Cortes burning an Aztec building in Mexico. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardo de Sahagun, c1540

AZTEC ALTAR. Two Aztec men seated before an altar. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardino de Sahagun, c1540

SPANISH CONQUEST, 1519. Hernando Cortes ships arriving in harbor in Veracruz, Mexico. Illumination from the Codex Florentino, c1540, compiled by Bernardino de Sahagun (1499-1590)

CORTEZ AT VERACRUZ, 1519. Hernando Cortes receiving tribute in his boat at the time of his arrival in Veracruz in 1519. Illumination from the Codex Florentino, c1540

AZTEC RELIGIOUS CEREMONY. Aztec religious ceremony on water. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, c1540, a treatise compiled by Bernardino de Sahagun (1499-1590)

MEXICO: SPANISH BATTLESHIP. A Spanish ship in a battle against the Aztecs. Below them are a group of Aztecs in canoes. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, c1540

AZTEC STONE MASONS. Aztec stone masons at work. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, c1540, a treatise compiled by Bernardino de Sahagun (1499-1590) on the Aztecs and the Spanish conquest of Mexico

MEXICO: SPANISH CONQUEST. Spanish conquistadors unloading their ships in Mexico. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, c1540

MEXICO: SPANISH CONQUEST. Battle scene between the Spanish and the Aztecs. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, c1540, a treatise compiled by Bernardino de Sahagun (1499-1590)

AZTEC ARTIST, c1540. Mexican Indian artists were taught to paint in the European style by Spanish missionaries. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, c1540, compiled by Bernardino de Sahagun (1499-1590)

MONTEZUMA II: DEATH, 1520. Spaniards carry the bodies of Aztec emperor Montezuma II and a local lord to the water before burial, June 1520

MONTEZUMA II (1480-1520). Aztec emperor. Montezuma put in irons. Illumination from the Codex Florentino, c1540, compiled by Bernardino de Sahagun (1499-1590)

Hernando Cortes speaking with Montezuma II. Illumination from the Codex Florentino, c1540
SPANISH CONQUEST. Hernando Cortes speaking with Montezuma II. Illumination from the Codex Florentino, c1540, compiled by Bernardino de Sahagun (1499-1590)

Skulls of sacrificed men and horses skewered on horizontal poles and on display
MEXICO: SKULL RACK. Skulls of sacrificed men and horses skewered on horizontal poles and on display. Illumination from the Codex Florentino, c1540, compiled by Bernardino de Sahagun

Spanish conquistadors bombard a wall of an Aztec building at Xolloco. Drawing from the Codex Florentino
MEXICO: SPANISH CONQUEST. Spanish conquistadors bombard a wall of an Aztec building at Xolloco. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardo de Sahagun, c1540

Aztec solar calendar chart. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardo de Sahagun, c1540
MEXICO: AZTEC SUN CHART. Aztec solar calendar chart. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardo de Sahagun, c1540

Snakes (representing life) and a skull, representing the duality of life and death
AZTEC: LIFE AND DEATH. Snakes (representing life) and a skull, representing the duality of life and death. Drawing from the Codex Florentino, compiled by Bernardo de Sahagun, c1540

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"Unveiling the Ancient Aztec World: Exploring the Codex Florentino" Step back in time and immerse yourself in the rich tapestry of Aztec culture as depicted in the remarkable Codex Florentino. This ancient manuscript offers a captivating glimpse into various aspects of Aztec life, from their skilled craftsmanship to their vibrant ceremonies and fierce warriors. Witness the dexterity of an Aztec weaver as she intricately creates beautiful textiles on a traditional loom, preserving centuries-old techniques passed down through generations. Marvel at an Aztec craftsman diligently forging a shield over a crackling fire, his expert hands shaping it with precision and care. Meet Montezuma II, the illustrious emperor who ruled during this era of grandeur and power. His reign marked by both prosperity and conflict, he led his people with wisdom and strength. Delve into everyday rituals as you observe an Aztec man indulging in a refreshing bath – a momentary respite amidst bustling city life. Nearby, entertainers captivate audiences with mesmerizing foot juggling acts accompanied by lively melodies played on traditional instruments. Experience history unfolding before your eyes as Hernando Cortes encounters formidable Aztec warriors during the Spanish conquest. The clash of civilizations forever altered Mexico's destiny. Embark on journeys alongside traveling merchants traversing rugged roads to trade goods far and wide. Their presence symbolizes not only commerce but also cultural exchange between diverse communities. Admire the artistry displayed by two craftsmen adorning shields with vibrant feathers – each stroke representing dedication to perfection while honoring ancestral traditions. Witness sacred ceremonies where priests embody Xipe Totec, donning human skin attire that signifies rebirth and renewal within their spiritual beliefs. The Codex Florentino preserves these invaluable glimpses into an extraordinary civilization that thrived centuries ago; its pages tell stories etched deep within Mexican history.