Cenozoic Collection

Mosquito in Dominican amber
A mosquito in trapped and preserved in Dominican amber. Lower Miocene about 20 million years old. Image from Amber The Natural Time Capsule. Figure 90

Proconsul africanus
An illustration of the extinct primate, Proconsul africanus. Like Dendropithecus, they mostly lived in tropical forests in East Africa during the Miocene about 50 million years ago

Anoplotherium commune & gracile, Palaeotherium
Sheet 4 of a series of posters called Extinct Animals by Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins c. 1862. This collection of mammals could be found during the Eocene epoch some 50 million years ago

Uintatherium skull
Skull measures 740 mm left to right. Uintatherium, a horned ungulate from the mid Eocene of western U.S.A, stood about 1.6m at the shoulder

Eocene London clay
Eli Marsden Wilsons impression of the Eocene (55 to 34 million years ago) London Clay landscape

Malta, Birzebbuga, Ghar Dalam cave, Interior
Malta - Birzebbuga - Ghar Dalam cave. Interior

Tonguestone (sharks tooth) with lateral denticles
Tooth of the extinct shark (Lamna obliqua Agassiz). Specimen orgininating from the London Clay (Eocene), Sheppey, Kent

Gall midge in Baltic amber
A gall midge is a fragile mosquito-like fly which produces galls on plants, seen here preserved in Baltic amber. Specimen dates from the Upper Eocene

Quercus in amber
A male oak tree flower in Baltic amber with a length of 3.7 mm and dating from the Upper Eocene about 35 million years old. Image from Amber The Natural Time Capsule page 29 figure 86

A chart of strata, layers of sedimentary rock or soil
5614336 A chart of strata, layers of sedimentary rock or soil; (add.info.: A chart of strata, layers of sedimentary rock or soil)

European animals of the Tertiary Period (colour litho)
3620996 European animals of the Tertiary Period (colour litho) by German School, (19th century); Private Collection; (add.info.: European animals of the Tertiary Period)

Prehistory - Tertiary - reconstruction of natural environment in Europe
CHT430427 Prehistory - Tertiary - reconstruction of natural environment in Europe and some of the animals of this period, 1886 (colour litho) by German School

Prehistory - Jurassic - reconstruction of natural environment in Europe
CHT430428 Prehistory - Jurassic - reconstruction of natural environment in Europe and some of the animals of this period, 1886 (colour litho) by German School

Andrewsarchus mongoliencis, Skull cast
Cast of the only known cranium of Andrewsarchus mongoliensis from the Eocene of Irdin Manha, China (original is in the AMNH)

Odontaspis robusta, sand tiger shark teeth
Odontaspis robusta from the Early Eocene rocks of Abbey Wood, Kent. Anterior teeth (tall, slender) and lateral teeth (triangular) are shown

Aegyptopithecus zeuxis
Illustration of an Egyptian Ape by Maurice Wilson. The forerunners of both monkeys and apes. These small arboreal primates lived 35-32 million years ago in the tropical rain forests of northern Egypt

A chart of strata, layers of sedimentary rock or soil. From The Worlds Foundations or Geology for Beginners, published 1883

Pangea break-up, global maps C018 / 0292
Pangea break-up, global maps (elliptical projections). The Pangea supercontinent formed about 300 million years ago, in the late Paleozoic Era (around the start of the Permian Period)

Fossil maple leaf C016 / 5955
Fossil maple (Acer trilobatum) leaf. This fossilised leaf dates from the Miocene period. It was collected in Oeningen, Baden, Germany. Specimen held at the Natural History Museum, London, UK

Early Miocene scene in Europe
Artists reconstruction (L to R) Eotragus (4 animals), Brachypotherium, Amphicyon (2 animals), Hyrotherium, Schizotherium (2 animals)

Baltic amber ring
A ring containing a long-legged fly Diptera: Brachycera: Dolichopodidae. Amber specimen dates from the Upper Eocene about 35 million years old

White River scene, late Eocene
Artists reconstruction (L to R) Hoplophoneus, Mesohippus, Hyaenodon, Archaeotherium, Poebrotherium, Pseudoprotoceras, Megacerops, Daphoenus, Merycoidodon, Subhyracodon

Fossil shells of the Miocene Tertiary Period
Plate II from Principles of Geology, being an attempt to explain the former changes of the Earths surface. Vol. 3 1832-33 by Charles Lyell (1797-1875)

Nummulites gizehensis, nummulites
These fossils are embedded in Eocene limestone from 2km north-east of Gizeh, west of Cairo. Nummulites were single celled animals that lived on the sea bed

Homo heidelbergensis, Boxgrove Man tibia
The tibia or shin bone of Boxgrove Man (Homo heidelbergensis) discovered in a quarry at Boxgrove, West Sussex, UK. The specimen dates back 500

Homo neanderthalensis, Neanderthal man model
A model reconstruction of a Neanderthal family situated within a cave. Neanderthal lived between 135, 000 to 35, 000 years ago

Rana pueyoi, fossil frog
An 8-6 million year old specimen of a fossil frog from the Late Miocene, Teruel, Spain

Porana oeningen, fossil flower
Fossil flower from the late Miocene Tortonian rocks of Oeningen, Baden, Germany. Morning glory family - Convolvulaceae. Specimen from the Van Breda Collection

Clypeaster altus, a fossil echinoid
Clypeaster altus, 13 cm anterior to posterior, from the Miocene of Malta, oral view

Close-up of a phorusrhacos (Phorusrhacos longissimus) chasing Eohippuses
Prehistoric birds - Cenozoic Era - Phorusrhacos chasing Eohippus. Drawing

Prosqualodon davidi, skull cast
Cast of the cranium of Prosqualodon davidi from the early Miocene of Tasmania, Australia (original skull no longer exists)

Horse-head engraved on bone
Late Pleistocene wild horses head engraved on the right fourth metatarsal bone of a horse, specimen (NHM 38745). Found among horse remains from the Late Magdalenian site of Roc du Courbet, Bruniquel

Acropora, a scleractinian coral
Branch, 9 cm long, of the scleractinian coral Acropora from the Pleistocene of Yemen

Millepora
Branching colony, 11 cm in height, of the hydrozoan Millepora from the Pleistocene of Aldabra in the Indian Ocean

Fungia, coral
Fungia is a free-living scleractinian coral. In this large example, almost 10 cm in diameter, from the Pleistocene of Yemen

Illustration of continent distribution c. 65 mya, Cenozoic era

Fresh powder on rock formations in the Silent City, Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah

Fossil tooth of Saber-toothed cat (Machairodontinae), from Czech Republic
Fossils - Fossil tooth of Saber-toothed cat (Machairodontinae). From Czech Republic

Detail of head and shoulders of Megatherium skeleton, from Southern America
Fossils - Detail of head and shoulders of a Megatherium skeleton. From Southern America

Titanis, giant, side view

Eurohippus horse ancestor, artwork C018 / 8575
Eurohippus horse ancestor. Artwork of equid ungulates of the genus Eurohippus, huddling in a forest 42 million years ago in what is today France

Doedicurus mammals, artwork C018 / 8574
Doedicurus mammals. Artwork of prehistoric glyptodonts of the genus Doedicurus grazing on grassy plains 25, 000 years ago in what is today South America

Moeritherium mammals, artwork C018 / 8570
Moeritherium mammals. Artwork of proboscideans of the genus Moeritherium, wallowing in a swamp 36 million years ago in what is today North Africa

Eurohippus and modern horse, artwork C018 / 8576
Eurohippus and modern horse. Artwork comparing two mature Eurohippus (lower left) from 42 million years ago to an adult modern horse (Equus ferus caballus)

Sharks tooth fossil
Sharks (Oxyrhina sp.) tooth fossil. This specimen originates from Globigerina Limestone (Miocene period) in Malta. Natural History Museum, London, UK

Piltdown Stegodon tooth C016 / 5975
Piltdown Stegodon tooth (item E.596). Part of a molar tooth of the extinct mammal Stegodon. The amateur geologist Charles Dawson (1864-1916) claimed to have found this tooth

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The Cenozoic era, spanning from 66 million years ago to the present day, holds a treasure trove of fascinating fossils that provide glimpses into Earth's ancient past. From the discovery of a mosquito trapped in Dominican amber to the remains of Proconsul africanus, an early ape-like creature, these remnants offer valuable insights into the evolution and diversity of life. Amongst the remarkable finds are Anoplotherium commune and gracile as well as Palaeotherium – prehistoric mammals that roamed Europe during this era. Their fossilized skeletons reveal their unique adaptations for survival in different environments. Meanwhile, a Uintatherium skull showcases the immense size and power possessed by some herbivorous mammals during this time. The Eocene London clay has preserved countless wonders within its layers. Tonguestone with lateral denticles provides evidence of ancient sharks' tooth structure while Megatherium, a giant ground sloth, reminds us of the incredible variety that once existed on our planet. Venturing further into Ghar Dalam cave in Malta's Birzebbuga region reveals hidden secrets like gall midges trapped in Baltic amber or Quercus leaves perfectly preserved for millions of years. These tiny specimens shed light on long-extinct ecosystems and help scientists piece together intricate ecological puzzles. One cannot overlook Andrewsarchus mongoliencis – an enormous carnivorous mammal whose skull cast offers clues about its predatory lifestyle. Additionally, Clypeaster altus presents itself as a fossil echinoid showcasing intriguing patterns etched onto its surface. As we delve deeper into studying these extraordinary fossils from the Cenozoic era, we unravel more mysteries surrounding our planet's history. Each discovery brings us closer to understanding how life evolved over millions of years and highlights nature's astonishing ability to adapt and thrive throughout changing times.