1683 Collection

Still Life with Flowers in a Glass Vase, Jan Davidsz. de Heem, 1650 - 1683

Frost Fair on the Thames by Pauline Baynes
Illustration painted for Holly Leaves by Pauline Baynes showing Londoners in 1683-4 enjoying the delights of the Frost Fair on the frozen River Thames

The first engraved plan of the city of Philadelphia by Thomas Holme, 1683
PHILADELPHIA: MAP, 1683. The first engraved plan of the city of Philadelphia by Thomas Holme, 1683

George Ii / Players / 38 / 50
GEORGE II, KING OF ENGLAND Reigned 1727 - 1760

John Owen, Churchmn
JOHN OWEN nonconformist churchman who was nevertheless much respected with his autograph

Map of Peru 1683 Mallet
Perou. A map showing a coastal part of South America on the South Pacific. Both the equator and tropic of Capricorn are given

Valentine Greatrakes
Irish healer who, after a dream in 1662, discovered that he could heal many ailments simply by passing his hands and stroking the patient

Ottoman Empire defeated in Vienna, 1683
King John III Sobieski leads Polish forces repulsing the Ottoman Turks from Vienna, 1683. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

Frost Fair by Jan Griffier the Elder
The famous Frost Fair taking place on the frozen River Thames in London in 1683. Freezing to around eleven inches thick, the ice was strong enough to hold shops, stalls, coaches and sleds

Perpetual Motion Machine
The supposed perpetual motion machine of Solomon Reisel

King George II
GEORGE II, KING OF ENGLAND Reigned from 1727 to 1760

Frost Fair / Thames / 1683
Frost fair on the Thames, London. People enjoying the many activities and stalls

Potosi, Bolivia / Mallet
Looking down towards the mountain surmounted by a cross. At the foot is a road & settlement with houses, huts & churches & men in European dress

1683, Mortier Map of North America, the West Indies, and the Atlantic Ocean, topography
1683, Mortier Map of North America, the West Indies, and the Atlantic Ocean

Shaftesbury / 1st Earl / Min
ANTHONY ASHLEY COOPER 1st EARL of SHAFTESBURY English politician

Charles Duke of Grafton
CHARLES FITZROY, second duke of GRAFTON grandsonn of Charles II and Barbara Villiers : statesman who held a succession of offices

Robert Earl Yarmouth
ROBERT PASTON, first earl of YARMOUTH royalist statesman who served and entertained Charles II with his autograph

Ottoman Wars / Vienna
John III Sobieski, king of Poland, attacks the Turkish army under Kara Mustapha Pashs besieging Vienna, and though outnumbered 2 to 1 routs it and saves the city

Distillation of Nitric Acid. Also known as Aqua Fortis or Parting Acid, nitric acid was widely used in the refining
540742 Distillation of Nitric Acid. Also known as Aqua Fortis or Parting Acid, nitric acid was widely used in the refining and assaying of metals

Recovery of gold from amalgum
863649 Recovery of gold from amalgum; (add.info.: Recovery of gold from amalgum. 7) chamois leather bag for separating amalgum from excess mercury

A pasha in the Ottoman Empire (engraving)
5314779 A pasha in the Ottoman Empire (engraving); (add.info.: Ottoman Empire. A Pasha or pascha. formerly bashaw. a high rank in the Ottoman Empire political system. typically granted to governors)

Production of Salpetre (Nitre, Potassium Nitrate, or KN03). Nitre beds, heaps of manure mixed with chalky earth
540747 Production of Salpetre (Nitre, Potassium Nitrate, or KN03). Nitre beds, heaps of manure mixed with chalky earth. These were watered with urine and manure water

Assayer testing samples of gold or silver using a balance, 1574 (engraving)
539689 Assayer testing samples of gold or silver using a balance, 1574 (engraving); (add.info.: From 1683 English edition of Lazarus Ercker Allerfurnemisten mineralischen Ertzt und Berckwercksarten)

Blast furnaces, 1580 (engraving)
534630 Blast furnaces, 1580 (engraving); (add.info.: Blast furnaces. From 1683 English edition of Lazarus Ercker Beschreibung allerfurnemisten mineralischen Ertszt of 1580. Copperplate engraving)

Purification of silver in muffle furnace
863683 Purification of silver in muffle furnace; (add.info.: Purification of silver in a muffle furnace. From 1683 English edition of Lazarus Ercker "Beschreibung allerfurnemisten mineralischen)

Assay laboratory with various forms of furnace
863682 Assay laboratory with various forms of furnace; (add.info.: Assay laboratory with various forms of furnace including and athanor or 'Slow Harry', 7)

Various muffles used in assay ovens
863648 Various muffles used in assay ovens; (add.info.: Assaying: Various muffles used in assay ovens for assaying gold and silver 1,2,3: 4,5,6, stopples, bottom plates and covers: 7)

Preparation of copper and silver to be alloyed for production of coins, 16th century (engraving)
539915 Preparation of copper and silver to be alloyed for production of coins, 16th century (engraving); (add.info.: Preparation of copper and silver to be alloyed for production of coins)

Refining copper by Hungarian process, 1580 (engraving)
534632 Refining copper by Hungarian process, 1580 (engraving); (add.info.: Refining copper by Hungarian process. Cupellation cakes roasted, releasing heat. At 5: lead obtained being smelted)

Smelting of copper: making liquation cakes by reducing copper in furnaces and alloying with lead
531538 Smelting of copper: making liquation cakes by reducing copper in furnaces and alloying with lead. 1683 English edition of Lazarus Ercker Beschreibung allerfurnemisten mineralischen Ertzt und

Roasting gold ore
863652 Roasting gold ore; (add.info.: Roasting gold ore in order to recover the precious metal. From 1683 English edition of Lazarus Ercker "Beschreibung allerfurnemisten mineralischen Ertzt)

Assaying copper and lead
863650 Assaying copper and lead; (add.info.: Assaying copper and lead: prepared and weighed ore (1) and assay oven (2). From 1683 English edition of Lazarus Ercker "Beschreibung allerfurnemisten

Crystallization of Saltpetre (Nitre, Potassium Nitrate, or KN03, 1574 (engraving)
540753 Crystallization of Saltpetre (Nitre, Potassium Nitrate, or KN03, 1574 (engraving); (add.info.: Crystallization of Saltpetre (Nitre, Potassium Nitrate, or KN03)

Laboratory for refining gold and silver, showing typical laboratory equipment
540745 Laboratory for refining gold and silver, showing typical laboratory equipment. 1, Athanor or 'Slow Harry', a self-feeding furnace maintaining a constant temperature. 2,2

Washing ore to extract gold, 16th century (engraving)
540732 Washing ore to extract gold, 16th century (engraving); (add.info.: Water is fed into a sieve containing crushed ore)

Title page of John Wilkins A Discourse Concerning a New World & Another Planet London 1683 (Ist edition 1640)
541730 Title page of John Wilkins A Discourse Concerning a New World & Another Planet London 1683 (Ist edition 1640) Copernicus

A pascha from the Ottoman Empire (print)
5314780 A pascha from the Ottoman Empire (print); (add.info.: Ottoman Empire. A Pasha or pascha. formerly bashaw. a high rank in the Ottoman Empire political system. typically granted to governors)

Siege of Vienna 1683, Ottoman Army Camel
3056369 Siege of Vienna 1683, Ottoman Army Camel; Heeresgeschichtliches Museum, Vienna, Austria; (add.info.: Ottoman caravan pack camel it would have appeared at the 1683 siege of Vienna)

Siege of Vienna 1683, Ottoman Army
3056368 Siege of Vienna 1683, Ottoman Army; Heeresgeschichtliches Museum, Vienna, Austria; (add.info.: Muslim Georgian Ottoman ally as he would have appeared at the 1683 siege of Vienna)

Assay laboratory for gold and silver, 1574 (engraving)
863685 Assay laboratory for gold and silver, 1574 (engraving); (add.info.: Assay laboratory for gold and silver. 1) Furnace: 2) Sheet of iron onto which assays are poured: 3) Parting flask

Refining gold
863684 Refining gold; (add.info.: Refining gold: furnaces, 2,2, and operator, 9. The man near 4 is gradually heating a crucible surrounded by a ring of burning coals)

Assaying of silver
863654 Assaying of silver; (add.info.: Assaying of silver: 1&3, moulds for making cupels: 2&4, the cupels: 8, man moulding cupels)

Assaying copper
863653 Assaying copper; (add.info.: Assaying copper: Furnaces (1,4), ore (3), bellows (5), and aeolipile (6) to supply draught to furnaces. Pot in which flux is prepared (8)

Smelting copper
863647 Smelting copper; (add.info.: Smelting copper. From a 1683 English edition of Lazarus Ercker "Beschreibung allerfurnemisten mineralischen Ertzt- und Berckwercksarten" originally)

Checking the quality of Saltpetre (Nitre, Potassium Nitrate, or KN03). Saltpetre is the principal ingredient in
540750 Checking the quality of Saltpetre (Nitre, Potassium Nitrate, or KN03). Saltpetre is the principal ingredient in gunpowder, and is still used in the preservation of some foods

Refining of silver
863651 Refining of silver; (add.info.: Refining of silver, showing (2) a test put into the furnace and (3) burning the silver in a test

Fresco in the church of St. John the Theologian (1683), Rostov, Yaroslavl region, Russia

Plan of the Battle of Vienna, 12 September 1683
Holy Roman Empire. Plan of the Battle of Vienna, 12 September 1683. It took place at Kahlenberg Mountain, near Vienna, ather the city had been besieged by the Ottoman Empire during two months

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In the year 1683, a fascinating blend of art, history, and innovation unfolded. Jan Davidsz. De Heem's masterpiece "Still Life with Flowers in a Glass Vase" showcased the beauty of nature frozen in time, capturing the essence of life itself. Meanwhile, Pauline Baynes depicted an extraordinary event - the Frost Fair on the Thames - where Londoners turned their frozen river into a bustling marketplace. Amidst these artistic wonders, Thomas Holme unveiled his engraved plan of Philadelphia, offering a glimpse into the birth of one of America's most iconic cities. John Owen emerged as an influential churchman during this era, shaping religious discourse and beliefs. On another note entirely, George II took center stage alongside talented players in what must have been an enthralling performance - perhaps showcasing Shakespearean classics or captivating new works. The Map of Peru by Mallet provided explorers with valuable insights into uncharted territories while Valentine Greatrakes delved into healing practices that captivated many. However, it was not just art and culture that defined 1683; significant historical events also unfolded. The Ottoman Empire suffered defeat at Vienna's hands – marking a turning point in European history and shifting power dynamics across continents. Even amidst all this excitement and progress came Jan Griffier the Elder's depiction of yet another Frost Fair on the Thames – reminding us how nature can both inspire awe-inspiring creations and disrupt daily life simultaneously. And let us not forget about innovation. In 1683, inventors sought to unlock perpetual motion through their machines – pushing boundaries and challenging scientific understanding. Ultimately though it was King George II who reigned over this vibrant year filled with creativity and discovery – leaving his mark on history as he navigated political landscapes both within Britain and beyond its shores. Thus we find ourselves transported back to 1683.