1400s Collection

Mandala of Chakrasamvara, c1400. Creator: Unknown
Mandala of Chakrasamvara, c1400. Chakrasamvara, a semi-wrathful Buddha, is represented in dark blue at the centre, united with his female partner, the red Vajravarahi

Medieval Spain and Portugal map
Map of the Iberian Peninsula in the 1300s and 1400s. Printed color lithograph reproduction of a 19th-century illustration

Skull anatomy by Leonardo da Vinci. Historical artwork and notes on the anatomy of the human skull and teeth, by the Italian artist and scientist Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519)

Gutenbergs printing press, 1450s
Gutenberg and Fust with the first printing press, Germany, 1450s. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

Battle of Agincourt about to begin, 1415
English army on the morning of battle at Agincourt, Hundred Years War, 1415. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

Tower of London in the late Middle Ages
London during the time of Henry VII (1457-1509). Color lithograph reproduction of an illuminated manuscript: Roy 16F, ii

Angevin kings holdings in France and Britain
British Isles and France under the Angevins, 1100s-1400s. Color lithograph reproduction of a 19th-century illustration

Ladies in Florence during the Renaissance
Noble ladies of Florence during the early 1400s. Antique hand-colored print

Medieval dining room
Dining table of a lady of quality, 1400s. Printed color lithograph reproduction of a miniature from a French manuscript, Renaud de Montauban

Longbowmen during the Hundred Years War
French archers from the town of Rheims, 1400s. Hand-colored 19th-century woodcut reproduction of an earlier illustration

NATL2A-00001
Temple ceremony in an Aztec city. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

Hand-colored woodcut
Aztec tiger knight in a costume of cotton and a helmet made of wood, from a model in Spain. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

Trephination evidence in an Inca skull
Inca skull showing evidence of prehistoric trephining or brain surgery in Peru. Woodcut with a watercolor wash

GEUR2A-00057
Medieval walled city of Nuremberg, Germany, 1400s. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

Feudal lord instructing peasant workers
Peasants receiving their lords orders before going to work, 1400s. Hand-colored 19th-century woodcut reproduction of a manuscript miniature illustration

Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish astronomer
Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) observing a lunar eclipse in Rome, Italy, in 1500. Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who studied in both Poland and Italy

Carrack, a merchant ship of the late 1400s
Armed Genoese carrack, a merchant ship of the 1400s and 1500s. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

Gutenberg Bible page
Page of the Gutenburg Bible. Color lithograph reproduction of the document

Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish astronomer C017 / 7118
Nicolaus Copernicus, Polish astronomer

Medical zodiac, 15th century diagram
Medical zodiac. 15th century diagram with Latin text illustrating how the human body relates to the zodiac signs. Such information was used in medical practices, such as bloodletting

Judge and courtroom in the Middle Ages
Plaintiff and defendant take the oath before a judge in the 1400s. Hand-colored 19th-century woodcut reproduction of a medieval illustration

Sacred banner carried by Joan of Arc into Orleans
Joan of Arc carrying her sacred banner into Orleans after driving the English army from the city. Hand-colored halftone reproduction of a 19th-century illustration

Castle of Pierrefonds, medieval France
Castle of Pierrefonds, built circa 1400, restoration by Viollet-le-Duc, 1858. Hand-colored halftone reproduction of a 19th-century illustration

Joan of Arc hearing a call to save France
Young Joan of Arc listening to angel voices calling upon her to save France during the Hundred Years War. Hand-colored engraving of a 19th-century Lepage illustration

NATL2A-00002
Street in Aztec Tenochtitian (reconstruction). Hand-colored halftone reproduction of a 19th-century illustration

Globe of 1492, lacking the New World
Diagram of Martin Behaims globe, made just before Columbus discovered America. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration

Medieval rose garden
Garden with roses enclosed by a wattle fence, from Boccacios " Cento Norelle, " 1490. Hand-colored woodcut reproductioin of a 15th century illustration

Vasco da Gamas route around Africa, 1400s
Africa as known after Vasco da Gamas discoveries, from map of Juan de la Cosa, 1500. Hand-colored woodcut reproduction

Feast from Book of Esther, 1430 artwork
Feast from Book of Esther. Illuminated manuscript miniature from the 15th-century Alba Bible, depicting the feast given by Queen Vashti and King Ahasuerus of Persia (The Book of Esther)

Injured Vitruvian Man, conceptual image

Astronomical calendar, 14th century. This page is from the manuscript Astronomiae liber sive calendarium, dated 1390-1415

PSCI2A-00097
Ptolemys earth-centered cosmological system, explained by Muller, 1400s. Hand-colored 19th century woodcut reproduction of the 1543 edition

Christ Appearing to His Mother, c1440. Artist: Rogier Van der Weyden
Christ Appearing to His Mother, c1496. The scene on the right panel of the Miraflores Altarpiece is the only one in this altarpiece that illustrates two events at once

Harvesting honey, 15th century
Harvesting honey. 15th-century artwork showing the collection and use of honey, as part of a section describing honeys medicinal and therapeutic properties

Swaffham Cyclist 1950S
A lone cyclist pauses to study the elaborate town sign of Swaffham, Norfolk, which commemorates the famous pedlar John Chapman, and the churchs rebuilding in the 1400s

King Edward IV (1442-1483) and his brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester (later Richard III) (1452-1485)
NWI4945113 King Edward IV (1442-1483) and his brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester (later Richard III) (1452-1485) - King Edward IV and his brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester, later King Richard III

Court costume in England around 1400 - Court dress in England about 1400. Antique hand-colored print
NWI4957285 Court costume in England around 1400 - Court dress in England about 1400. Antique hand-colored print; (add.info.: Court costume in England around 1400 - Court dress in England about 1400)

Mary of Burgundy (1457-1482) welcomes Emperor Maximilian I to Ghent (Belgium)
NWI4944679 Mary of Burgundy (1457-1482) welcomes Emperor Maximilian I to Ghent (Belgium) - Mary of Burgundy welcoming Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I in Ghent

Portrait of Isabelle Iere the Catholic. Isabella Iere of Castile, Queen of Spain (1451-1504)
NWI4945677 Portrait of Isabelle Iere the Catholic. Isabella Iere of Castile, Queen of Spain (1451-1504), with her signature - Isabella I, Queen of Castile, with her signature

Henry VI (1421-1471) King of England and his wife Margaret of Anjou (1430-1482)
NWI4943705 Henry VI (1421-1471) King of England and his wife Margaret of Anjou (1430-1482), receiving a book by John Talbot (circa 1384-1453) Earl of Shrewsbury - Henry VI and his queen

Noble ladies around 1400 - Noble ladies of the 1400s Antique hand-colored print
NWI4956476 Noble ladies around 1400 - Noble ladies of the 1400s Antique hand-colored print; (add.info.: Noble ladies around 1400 - Noble ladies of the 1400s Antique hand-colored print)

Men of the Lower Rhine region (Netherlands), circa 1400 - Men from the lower Rhine area, 1400s
NWI4956957 Men of the Lower Rhine region (Netherlands), circa 1400 - Men from the lower Rhine area, 1400s. Antique hand-colored print; (add.info.: Men of the Lower Rhine region (Netherlands)

Henry VII Tudor (1457-1509) King of England - Henry VII, or Henry Tudor, King of England. Hand-colored engraving
NWI4945817 Henry VII Tudor (1457-1509) King of England - Henry VII, or Henry Tudor, King of England. Hand-colored engraving; (add.info.: Henry VII Tudor (1457-1509) King of England - Henry VII

Henry the Navigator (Infant Don Henri) (1394-1460), Prince of Portugal - Prince Henry of Portugal
NWI4945003 Henry the Navigator (Infant Don Henri) (1394-1460), Prince of Portugal - Prince Henry of Portugal, known as the Navigator

Marie de Burgundy (1457-1482) grants a charter to The Netherlands - Mary of Burgundy grants a charter to The
NWI4944688 Marie de Burgundy (1457-1482) grants a charter to The Netherlands - Mary of Burgundy grants a charter to The Netherlands

Ferdinand II of Aragon called the Catholic (1452-1516) - Ferdinand II, the Catholic, King of Aragon
NWI4945506 Ferdinand II of Aragon called the Catholic (1452-1516) - Ferdinand II, the Catholic, King of Aragon. Hand-colored woodcut of a 19th-century illustration; (add.info)

Title page, in English, of a later edition of " The Prince" by Machiavelli, published in London, 1741
NWI4757805 Title page, in English, of a later edition of " The Prince" by Machiavelli, published in London, 1741.; (add.info.: Title page, in English)

Niccolo Machiavelli
NWI4949975 Niccolo Machiavelli.; (add.info.: Niccolo Machiavelli.); Photo © North Wind Pictures.

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Step back in time to the 1400s, a period filled with intrigue, innovation, and artistic brilliance. Leonardo da Vinci's fascination with anatomy led him to meticulously study the intricacies of the human skull. His detailed drawings continue to captivate us today. Meanwhile, in medieval Spain and Portugal, kingdoms were expanding their territories and shaping history. The map of this era reveals the shifting borders and political landscape that defined these nations. Innovation was on the rise as Johannes Gutenberg introduced his revolutionary printing press in the 1450s. This invention would forever change communication by making books more accessible to a wider audience. The Battle of Agincourt loomed large in 1415 as English and French forces prepared for an epic clash during the Hundred Years War. Longbowmen stood ready, their deadly accuracy poised to make a significant impact on this historic battle. Amidst all this turmoil, life continued its course. Ladies in Florence embraced Renaissance ideals as they sought knowledge and indulged in artistry that marked this vibrant period of cultural rebirth. Across Europe, Angevin kings held vast territories both in France and Britain. Their power stretched across borders as they navigated complex alliances and rivalries that shaped dynastic politics. Within castle walls like those found at the Tower of London during the late Middle Ages, lavish dining rooms hosted feasts fit for royalty. These grand halls witnessed both celebrations and secret conversations that influenced destinies. Yet not all discoveries were made within European realms alone; trephination evidence discovered within an Inca skull highlights ancient medical practices from South America—a testament to humanity's quest for understanding even centuries ago. As we delve into history's tapestry woven with diverse threads such as GEUR2A-00057 or NATL2A-00001—codes representing artifacts from different eras—we are reminded of our shared past while marveling at how far we have come since those fateful 1400s.