Images Dated 8th November 2004

San Francisco, California, 1850

Engraving showing San Francisco, viewed from the South-West, 1850. Founded as a gold rush town, San Francisco had a population of only 10-15, 000 people at this time. Wooden houses and tents are shown, as is Wills Store in the centre of the sketch and a large fleet of ships in the background

© Mary Evans Picture Library 2015 - https://copyrighthub.org/s0/hub1/creation/maryevans/MaryEvansPictureID/10219178

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X-ray of human and chimpanzee skulls

Primate skulls. X-ray of the skulls of a chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes, and human, Homo sapiens seen from the side. The chimpanzee's cranium (brain-case, upper left) is considerably smaller than that of the human. Both consist of many spongy bones fused at sutures. Chimpanzees have prominent brow ridges (upper left) above their eyes. The large mandible bone (lower jawbone, lower left) has powerful chewing muscles attached to it. Chimpanzees feed largely on fruit by grinding it down with their flat molar teeth. The human jaw (lower right) also houses numerous teeth. Both humans and chimpanzees evolved from a common primate ancestor

© D. ROBERTS/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY

Avian influenza virus, TEM

Avian influenza virus, type A strain H5N1, coloured transmission electron micrograph (TEM). This virus was isolated in Vietnam, during the avian flu outbreak in early 2004. The virus consists of ribonucleic acid (RNA), surrounded by a nucleocapsid and a lipid envelope (orange). In the envelope are two types of protein spike, haemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), which determine the strain of virus. The natural hosts of this virus are wild birds, which show few symptoms, however infected domestic birds suffer a 90-100% mortality rate. Humans that have contact with infected birds can become infected, but no human to human transmission has yet been recorded

© NIBSC/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY